Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

What is a positive Kernig's sign?

1. APain and resistance when the knee is straightened with the hip flexed
2. BTwitching of the facial muscles when the cheek is tapped in front of the ear
3. CBending of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed
4. DBruising behind the ear after a head injury

After a head injury, a patient has bruising behind the ear over the mastoid bone. What does this suggest?

1. AA fracture of the base of the skull
2. BAn injury to the outer ear only
3. CA simple scalp laceration
4. DA fractured jaw

What is an arteriovenous fistula?

1. AA plastic tube placed in a large neck vein
2. BA catheter placed into the abdominal cavity
3. CA blood clot that blocks an artery in the arm
4. DA surgical join between an artery and a vein

Why is nimodipine given to patients after a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

1. ATo raise the blood pressure and improve perfusion
2. BTo stop seizures in the first few days
3. CTo dissolve the blood clot around the aneurysm
4. DTo reduce brain injury from delayed vasospasm

A patient with severe vomiting and diarrhoea takes ramipril, furosemide and metformin. Which advice is correct?

1. AAdd ibuprofen to treat the abdominal cramps
2. BPause these medicines until eating and drinking again
3. CDouble the furosemide to prevent fluid retention
4. DKeep taking everything as normal and drink less

What is the dexamethasone suppression test used for?

1. ATo measure kidney function
2. BTo diagnose diabetes insipidus
3. CTo check thyroid function
4. DTo help diagnose Cushing's syndrome

A patient with Addison's disease has been vomiting for a day. They are confused, with BP 78/40 mmHg, sodium 126 mmol/L and potassium 6,0 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AA fluid restriction for the low sodium
2. BIV potassium to correct the electrolytes
3. COral hydrocortisone and an antiemetic by mouth
4. DIV hydrocortisone straight away, plus IV fluids

Weeks after starting insulin, a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes needs much less insulin and has frequent mild hypos. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe diabetes has been cured, so insulin can stop
2. BThe patient actually has type 2 diabetes
3. CA honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
4. DThe insulin has gone off and should be replaced