Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall
2. BJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
3. CA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
4. DStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

1. AIt makes the liver release stored glucose
2. BIt blocks the absorption of glucose in muscle
3. CIt adds glucose directly into the bloodstream
4. DIt stops the kidneys losing glucose in urine

What is a common complication after a lumbar puncture?

1. ALoss of hearing in one ear
2. BA rapid rise in blood glucose
3. CA headache that is worse when sitting or standing
4. DPermanent paralysis of both legs from nerve damage

Quale criterio KDIGO per il danno renale acuto riguarda la diuresi?

1. AInferiore a 2 mL/kg/h per 1 ora
2. BQualsiasi cambiamento nel colore delle urine
3. CInferiore a 0,5 mL/kg/h per 6 ore o più
4. DInferiore a 1 L in 24 ore, qualunque sia l'apporto

A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AStop all insulin until normal eating restarts
2. BAvoid drinking fluids to reduce the vomiting
3. CCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better
4. DKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ATake extra vitamin C supplements
2. BDrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
3. CDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine
4. DCut all calcium out of the diet

A patient has frothy urine and marked leg swelling. Serum albumin is 18 g/L (1,8 g/dL), and BP is normal. The urine shows heavy protein but little blood. What is most likely?

1. ANephritic syndrome
2. BAcute pyelonephritis
3. CA urethral stricture
4. DNephrotic syndrome

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
2. BAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
3. CAdvise more fluids and review in a year
4. DReassure him, because the blood has stopped