Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

What is the normal intracranial pressure in a resting adult?

1. AAbout 80–100 mmHg
2. BAbout 5–15 mmHg
3. CAbout 20–30 mmHg
4. DAbout 40–60 mmHg

Which equipment should be ready at the bedside of a patient on seizure precautions?

1. AA tongue depressor to place between the teeth
2. BA urinary catheter in case of incontinence
3. CWrist restraints to stop the limbs jerking
4. DWorking suction and oxygen

What is a positive Kernig's sign?

1. APain and resistance when the knee is straightened with the hip flexed
2. BBending of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed
3. CBruising behind the ear after a head injury
4. DTwitching of the facial muscles when the cheek is tapped in front of the ear

How does the nurse test the facial nerve (VII)?

1. ATouch the forehead, cheek and chin with cotton wool
2. BAsk them to raise the eyebrows, shut the eyes tightly and smile
3. CAsk the patient to stick out the tongue and move it from side to side
4. DShine a light in each eye and check the pupil response

Una crisi dura da cinque minuti e continua. Qual è di solito il trattamento farmacologico di prima linea?

1. AUna dose di carico EV di fenitoina prima di qualsiasi altra cosa
2. BUna benzodiazepina come lorazepam EV o midazolam buccale
3. CGlucosio EV al 50% in ogni paziente, poi rivalutare
4. DAdrenalina IM nella parte esterna della coscia

Why is once-daily prednisolone usually taken in the morning with food?

1. ABecause it causes drowsiness and is safer to take during the day
2. BBecause food doubles the strength of the dose
3. CTo match the natural cortisol rhythm and protect the stomach
4. DBecause it cannot be absorbed at night

A man with chronic urinary retention is catheterised. Over the next hours he passes very large volumes of urine. What is the main nursing concern?

1. ARupture of the bladder from the catheter
2. BA urinary infection caused by the high flow of urine
3. CA rise in blood glucose from the urine
4. DFluid and electrolyte loss from post-obstructive diuresis

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
2. BCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
3. CConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium
4. DCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect