Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Quale reperto è tipico del diabete insipido?

1. AGrandi volumi di urina diluita e grande sete
2. BRitenzione di liquidi con sodio sierico basso
3. CGlicemia alta con grandi quantità di glucosio nelle urine
4. DPiccoli volumi di urina molto concentrata

Which is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke?

1. AFamily history of stroke
2. BHigh blood pressure
3. CMale sex
4. DOlder age

Quale posizione della testa si usa in genere per un paziente con ipertensione endocranica?

1. ATesta più bassa del corpo (Trendelenburg)
2. BSeduto eretto, con il collo flesso in avanti
3. CSdraiato, con la testa ruotata bene su un lato
4. DTesta sollevata di circa 30°, con il collo dritto

A patient's fistula starts to bleed at home after the needles were removed. What should they do first?

1. AWait for the next dialysis session
2. BPress firmly on the site with clean gauze
3. CApply a tight tourniquet above the fistula
4. DRaise the arm and let it bleed freely

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness
2. BPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
3. CStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
4. DDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. ASpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs
2. BThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
3. CThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
4. DParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart

An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?

1. AStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
2. BEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture
3. CGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
4. DTreat the confusion with a sedative

During a water deprivation test for suspected diabetes insipidus, the patient loses more than 3% of body weight and becomes hypotensive. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the patient a large drink and then restart the test
2. BContinue the test, because this result is expected
3. CStop the test and inform the doctor
4. DGive desmopressin without a prescription