Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AA shortened PR interval
2. BProminent U waves
3. CFlattened T waves
4. DTall, peaked T waves

Which symptoms are typical of a prolactinoma in a woman?

1. AVery dark skin creases and a craving for salt
2. BWeight loss with heat intolerance and a fine tremor
3. CKidney stones, bone pain and constipation
4. DMilky nipple discharge and irregular periods

What does a complete spinal cord injury mean?

1. AThe spinal cord has been cut into two separate pieces
2. BThe patient can move but cannot feel below the injury
3. CAll vertebrae in the neck are broken
4. DNo movement or feeling below the injury, even in the sacral area

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
2. BUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults
3. CA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
4. DOlder adults often show infection as confusion

Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?

1. ADiarrhoea and heavy sweating
2. BA cough and a raised potassium
3. CWeight loss and a fast tremor
4. DDry mouth and constipation

Why is once-daily prednisolone usually taken in the morning with food?

1. ABecause it cannot be absorbed at night
2. BBecause it causes drowsiness and is safer to take during the day
3. CTo match the natural cortisol rhythm and protect the stomach
4. DBecause food doubles the strength of the dose

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. AStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging
2. BGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow
3. CNo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed
4. DUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy

A patient is being assessed for brain death (brainstem death). Which condition must be excluded before testing?

1. AA haemoglobin of 110 g/L (11 g/dL)
2. BA history of high blood pressure
3. CEffects of sedative drugs or severe hypothermia
4. DA previous episode of migraine