Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10,5 g/dL) with mild tiredness
2. BHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment
3. CA single episode of itching
4. DA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms

What causes myasthenia gravis?

1. ADamage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord
2. BCompression of a nerve root in the lower back
3. CLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain
4. DAntibodies against acetylcholine receptors on muscle

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

1. AAn autoimmune attack on the adrenal glands
2. BA tumour of the adrenal medulla
3. CLong-term use of glucocorticoid medicines
4. DA lack of ACTH from the pituitary gland

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. AThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off
2. BDialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours
3. CHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
4. DDialysis removes all the platelets from the blood

A patient with migraine takes painkillers or triptans on most days and now has a headache almost every day. What is the likely problem?

1. AMedication overuse headache
2. BAn allergy to the painkillers
3. CA brain tumour, which is almost certain
4. DNormal progress of migraine

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this suggest?

1. AThe urine has a lot of glucose in it
2. BBacteria that convert nitrate are present
3. CThe kidneys are losing too much protein
4. DThe patient is dehydrated and needs more fluid

A patient with Parkinson's disease becomes agitated and confused at night. Which newly prescribed drug should the nurse question?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen)
2. BLactulose
3. CHaloperidol
4. DMelatonin

Un paziente in terapia a lungo termine con prednisolone ad alte dosi è al terzo giorno dopo un intervento intestinale. Riferisce solo un lieve dolore addominale, ma la frequenza cardiaca è salita a 115/min e la temperatura è 37,4 °C. Perché l'infermiere dovrebbe essere particolarmente preoccupato?

1. AGli steroidi causano tachicardia in tutti i pazienti, perciò non serve fare nulla
2. BGli steroidi possono mascherare febbre, dolore e peritonismo, nascondendo complicanze
3. CGli steroidi proteggono dalle infezioni, perciò la sepsi è molto improbabile
4. DIl dolore lieve mostra che l'intestino sta guarendo come previsto