Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Which eGFR defines stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. ABelow 90 mL/min/1,73 m²
2. BBelow 120 mL/min/1,73 m²
3. CBelow 15 mL/min/1,73 m²
4. DBelow 60 mL/min/1,73 m²

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

1. AJust under the skin of the arm
2. BIn the original kidney position at the back
3. CIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa
4. DIn the chest, next to the heart

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
2. BStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes
3. CJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
4. DA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall

Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?

1. ATo measure the urine volume more accurately
2. BTo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
3. CTo remove blood clots before testing
4. DTo catch the stone so it can be analysed

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal
2. BTo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on
3. CTo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
4. DTo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes

A patient with myasthenia gravis wants to plan a busy day. Which advice fits the disease?

1. ADo the hardest tasks in the evening when muscles are warmed up
2. BAvoid rest periods, because rest makes the weakness worse
3. CExercise to exhaustion so the muscles get stronger quickly
4. DDo demanding tasks in the morning or when the drug works best

Which statement correctly distinguishes spinal shock from neurogenic shock?

1. ASpinal shock is lost reflexes; neurogenic shock is low BP and slow pulse
2. BThey are two names for exactly the same condition
3. CSpinal shock is low blood pressure; neurogenic shock is the loss of reflexes
4. DNeurogenic shock is caused by blood loss; spinal shock is caused by infection

Un paziente in emodialisi con un catetere venoso centrale tunnellizzato sviluppa febbre e brividi scuotenti subito dopo l'inizio della dialisi. Che cosa deve sospettare e fare l'infermiere?

1. AEmbolia gassosa; inclinare il paziente con la testa in alto e proseguire
2. BInfezione del circolo ematico correlata al catetere; fermarsi, prelevare le colture e allertare
3. CSquilibrio dialitico; accelerare la dialisi per finire prima
4. DNormale reazione alla dialisi; proseguire e dare solo paracetamolo