Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Which isolation precautions are used for a patient with suspected meningococcal meningitis?

1. AContact precautions only, with gloves for skin contact
2. BDroplet precautions until about 24 hours of effective antibiotics
3. CNo extra precautions, because it is not infectious
4. DAirborne precautions in a negative pressure room for 2 weeks

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. AThe nerves of the autonomic system only
2. BSensory nerves in the skin only
3. CUpper and lower motor neurons
4. DThe optic nerves and retina

Which description best fits type 2 diabetes?

1. AAutoimmune destruction of all beta cells in childhood
2. BA total lack of insulin from birth
3. CToo much insulin released after meals
4. DInsulin resistance with a relative lack of insulin

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AThe order of the two drugs makes no difference
2. BAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
3. CBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
4. DA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP

A patient with Addison's disease takes fludrocortisone as well as hydrocortisone. Why?

1. ATo lower the blood pressure
2. BTo replace the missing adrenaline
3. CTo treat a low thyroid hormone level
4. DTo replace the missing aldosterone

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

1. AToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
2. BThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes
3. CThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making
4. DThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible

Un paziente in emodialisi chiede perché i liquidi tra una seduta e l'altra vadano limitati. Quale spiegazione è corretta?

1. AI liquidi in più indeboliscono la parete della fistola e la fanno rompere più facilmente
2. BBere acqua fa sì che la dialisi rimuova troppo potassio dal sangue
3. CI liquidi in eccesso si accumulano, aumentando la PA e causando mancanza di respiro e crampi in dialisi
4. DLa restrizione dei liquidi serve soprattutto ad abbreviare il tempo trascorso alla macchina

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."
2. B"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
3. C"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."
4. D"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."