Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Which symptoms in a patient with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome?

1. ANumbness between the legs and new bladder problems
2. BBack pain that eases when walking around the house
3. CPain that is worse after a long day at work
4. DMild stiffness in the morning that soon wears off

What is spinal shock?

1. AA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
2. BA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
3. CA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma
4. DA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage

What is overflow incontinence?

1. ADribbling from a bladder that does not empty properly
2. BWetting caused by not being able to undress quickly
3. CLeaking after a sudden strong urge
4. DLeaking when sneezing or jumping

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. ASudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus
2. BStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys
3. CThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
4. DStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure

Why may a person with long-standing diabetes have a heart attack without typical chest pain?

1. ANerve damage can blunt the pain signals
2. BInsulin acts as a strong painkiller
3. CPeople with diabetes do not have heart attacks
4. DHigh glucose protects the heart from pain

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. ASoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger
2. BWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
3. CWashing prevents all infection from the lancet
4. DSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading

A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?

1. ANo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely
2. BOverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
3. CAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed
4. DUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further

Un paziente con tumore del polmone e SIADH ha un sodio di 112 mmol/L e ha convulsioni. Qual è il trattamento più appropriato?

1. ACorrezione rapida a 140 mmol/L nelle prime sei ore
2. BGrandi volumi di acqua per bocca per aiutare a diluire l'urina
3. CSoluzione salina ipertonica, monitorata, con una velocità di aumento limitata
4. DGlucosio EV al 5% a velocità elevata finché le convulsioni non cessano