Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain
2. BIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
3. CIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut
4. DIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain

What is physical dependence on a drug?

1. AThe person has an allergy to the drug
2. BWithdrawal symptoms appear if the drug is stopped suddenly
3. CThe drug no longer has any effect, even at much higher doses
4. DThe person takes the drug only when needed

What is a "superinfection" during antibiotic treatment?

1. AAn infection that spreads from one patient to another on the ward
2. BAn infection that is cured by a single antibiotic dose
3. CA new infection because normal body flora are disturbed
4. DA very severe form of the original infection

Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?

1. AIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle
2. BIt increases urine production in the kidney
3. CIt shrinks the prostate gland
4. DIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle

A patient with a peanut allergy is taught to use an adrenaline auto-injector. Which statement is correct?

1. ACall emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve
2. BThere is no need to see a doctor if the swelling goes down
3. CUse it only if the antihistamine has not worked after an hour
4. DKeep it at home so it is not lost

How does sucralfate help a peptic ulcer heal?

1. AIt forms a protective coating over the ulcer base
2. BIt kills Helicobacter pylori directly
3. CIt blocks histamine H2 receptors in the stomach
4. DIt neutralises acid by releasing bicarbonate

A malnourished patient with low serum albumin shows nystagmus and unsteady gait. Her total phenytoin level is within range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe total level is high, but the laboratory is wrong
2. BLow albumin speeds up phenytoin metabolism
3. CLow albumin makes phenytoin bind more tightly, so the drug is less active
4. DMore phenytoin is unbound when albumin is low, so free levels rise

A patient has received a sodium nitroprusside infusion for several days. He becomes confused and develops a metabolic acidosis. What should be suspected?

1. ACyanide toxicity from nitroprusside breakdown
2. BHyperkalaemia from the infusion
3. CHypoglycaemia from nitroprusside
4. DAn allergic reaction to the plastic of the infusion bag