Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Che cos'è un antagonista?

1. AUn farmaco che viene trasformato nella forma attiva
2. BUn farmaco che si lega a un recettore senza attivarlo e blocca l'agonista
3. CUn farmaco che attiva completamente un recettore
4. DUn farmaco che aumenta il rilascio del ligando naturale dalle terminazioni nervose

Which adverse effect of ethambutol requires vision checks?

1. AOptic neuritis, with blurred vision and colour blindness
2. BCataracts that form within a few days of starting
3. CPermanent dilation of the pupils
4. DBleeding in the back of the eye

With patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), who should press the button to give a dose?

1. AThe nursing assistant at set times
2. BA family member when the patient is asleep
3. COnly the patient
4. DAny visitor who thinks the patient is in pain

How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?

1. AAs a slow infusion over one hour
2. BAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
3. CAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
4. DAs a tablet under the tongue

A patient refuses a prescribed oral medicine. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the medicine as given, so that the chart stays complete for the next shift
2. BExplore the reason, respect the decision, document and inform the prescriber
3. CHide the tablet in the patient's food
4. DLeave the tablet on the bedside table for later

Why is a spacer recommended with a metered-dose inhaler?

1. AIt turns the inhaler into a nebuliser
2. BMore drug reaches the lungs and less stays in the mouth
3. CIt removes the need to shake the inhaler
4. DIt doubles the dose of drug released by each puff of the inhaler

A patient with heart failure starts taking naproxen regularly for back pain. Why is this a concern?

1. ANSAIDs increase heart contractility too much
2. BNSAIDs block the absorption of furosemide completely
3. CNSAIDs cause salt and water retention and can worsen heart failure
4. DNSAIDs lower potassium, which makes digoxin and diuretics fail

Perché un ACE-inibitore può causare un danno renale acuto in un paziente con stenosi bilaterale delle arterie renali?

1. AGli ACE-inibitori costringono l'arteriola afferente
2. BGli ACE-inibitori sono direttamente tossici per le cellule del tubulo prossimale del rene
3. CIl farmaco cristallizza nei tubuli renali
4. DIl VFG dipende dalla costrizione dell'arteriola efferente da parte dell'angiotensina II