Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Che cos'è un agonista?

1. AUn farmaco che distrugge il recettore
2. BUn farmaco che si lega a un recettore e lo attiva
3. CUn farmaco che accelera la propria escrezione
4. DUn farmaco che si lega a un recettore e lo blocca

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
2. BThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
3. CThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
4. DThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord

Which adverse effect can follow long-term use of strong topical corticosteroids?

1. AThickening of the skin
2. BPermanent darkening of the nails
3. CIncreased hair loss on the scalp
4. DThinning of the skin

During an infusion of a vesicant chemotherapy drug, the patient reports burning, and the site is swollen. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARemove the cannula at once and massage the area firmly
2. BStop the infusion, leave the cannula in and follow the protocol
3. CFlush the line with a large volume of saline
4. DIncrease the infusion rate to finish quickly

Besides lithium levels, which blood tests are monitored in long-term lithium treatment?

1. AKidney function and thyroid function
2. BINR and fibrinogen
3. CLiver enzymes, serum amylase and lipase
4. DTroponin and CK-MB

Why is a spacer recommended with a metered-dose inhaler?

1. AIt doubles the dose of drug released by each puff of the inhaler
2. BIt turns the inhaler into a nebuliser
3. CMore drug reaches the lungs and less stays in the mouth
4. DIt removes the need to shake the inhaler

A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?

1. AWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once
2. BHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
3. CVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
4. DNormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week

A patient taking long-term morphine for cancer pain becomes very sedated with slow breathing. Why is naloxone given in small, diluted doses?

1. ABecause naloxone is much more potent and toxic in patients with cancer
2. BTo make the effect of naloxone last longer than morphine
3. CTo restore breathing without causing severe withdrawal and pain
4. DBecause naloxone is toxic to the liver in large doses