Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

What is the normal serum sodium range in adults?

1. A135–145 mmol/L
2. B95–105 mmol/L
3. C3,5–5,0 mmol/L
4. D150–165 mmol/L

How does tramadol relieve pain?

1. AAntagonising NMDA receptors in the spinal cord and blocking sodium channels
2. BBlocking COX enzymes in the periphery
3. CBlocking sodium channels in peripheral nerves
4. DWeak opioid agonism plus inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline

What does the combined oral contraceptive pill contain?

1. ATestosterone and an oestrogen
2. BOxytocin and a progestogen
3. CAn oestrogen and a progestogen
4. DA progestogen only

How should a topical corticosteroid cream usually be applied?

1. AUnder a tight plastic dressing every night without advice
2. BOn broken, infected skin to speed healing
3. CAs a thin layer to the affected area only, as directed
4. DAs a thick layer over the whole body

Why is testing for HLA-B*15:02 recommended before carbamazepine in people of some Asian ancestries?

1. AThis gene variant speeds up the kidney excretion of carbamazepine
2. BIt greatly raises the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome
3. CThis gene variant makes carbamazepine ineffective
4. DThis gene variant causes carbamazepine to raise blood glucose

A patient with difficulty swallowing is prescribed several tablets. Which one should not be crushed?

1. AA modified-release (extended-release) tablet
2. BA plain paracetamol tablet
3. CA tablet that the pharmacist says may be crushed
4. DA plain aspirin dispersible tablet

Why is strict aseptic technique and a limited hang time needed for propofol infusions?

1. ALight exposure changes propofol into an opioid
2. BIts lipid emulsion lets bacteria grow if it is contaminated
3. CPropofol breaks down into a toxic gas after a few hours
4. DPropofol becomes more potent the longer it hangs

Why are oral liquid medicines drawn up in dedicated oral or enteral syringes that do not fit IV connectors?

1. ATo keep the medicine sterile for injection
2. BTo prevent oral liquids being given intravenously by mistake
3. CTo make the oral dose more accurate than a dose given through an IV syringe
4. DBecause IV syringes cannot hold liquids