Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Which drug is an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning?

1. AAtropine
2. BFlumazenil
3. CFomepizole
4. DNaloxone

Which of these drugs has a narrow therapeutic index?

1. ALoratadine
2. BLithium
3. COmeprazole
4. DAmoxicillin

Permethrin is used to treat:

1. APsoriasis
2. BFungal nail infections
3. CScabies and head lice
4. DAcne

A malnourished patient with alcohol dependence needs IV glucose. Which vitamin should be given before or with it?

1. AVitamin D
2. BVitamin K (phytomenadione)
3. CVitamin C
4. DThiamine (vitamin B1)

Which group of signs suggests opioid withdrawal?

1. APinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness
2. BYawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea
3. CConstipation, itching and a slow heart rate
4. DDry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision and confusion

What should the nurse teach a patient starting nitrofurantoin?

1. AStop it as soon as the burning settles
2. BTake it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown
3. CExpect blue urine, which shows that the drug is working well
4. DTake it on an empty stomach with an antacid

A patient who used heroin a few hours ago is given a first dose of buprenorphine and quickly develops severe withdrawal. Why?

1. ABuprenorphine has no effect at opioid receptors
2. BBuprenorphine causes an allergic reaction in heroin users
3. CBuprenorphine is a pure antagonist like naloxone with no agonist effect
4. DBuprenorphine is a high-affinity partial agonist that displaces heroin

A patient took a large paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 6 hours ago and feels well. Why is treatment still urgent?

1. AThe drug will cause kidney stones within a few hours
2. BThe patient is at risk of immediate respiratory arrest
3. CParacetamol overdose only causes harm if symptoms start in the first hour
4. DLiver damage appears 1–3 days later, and early treatment works best