Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo prevent nausea and vomiting after the methotrexate
2. BTo treat an allergic reaction to methotrexate
3. CTo make methotrexate act faster on the tumour
4. DTo protect normal cells from methotrexate toxicity

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain
2. BIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut
3. CIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain
4. DIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver

How long does it usually take for an SSRI to improve mood noticeably?

1. ASeveral weeks
2. BAbout six months
3. CA few hours
4. DOne or two days

Which assessment is most important during IV mannitol therapy?

1. APlatelet count and signs of bleeding
2. BBlood glucose before meals and signs of hypoglycaemia
3. CUrine output, electrolytes and signs of fluid overload
4. DLiver enzymes and signs of jaundice

Quali recettori bloccano principalmente i beta-bloccanti come il metoprololo?

1. ARecettori muscarinici del cuore
2. BRecettori alfa-1 dei vasi
3. CRecettori beta-3 del tessuto adiposo
4. DRecettori adrenergici beta-1 del cuore

Long-term use of metformin can cause a deficiency of which vitamin?

1. AVitamin K
2. BVitamin D
3. CVitamin B12
4. DVitamin A

A malnourished patient with low serum albumin shows nystagmus and unsteady gait. Her total phenytoin level is within range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALow albumin speeds up phenytoin metabolism
2. BThe total level is high, but the laboratory is wrong
3. CLow albumin makes phenytoin bind more tightly, so the drug is less active
4. DMore phenytoin is unbound when albumin is low, so free levels rise

A patient with severe chronic hyponatraemia receives hypertonic saline. Why is the rate of correction strictly limited?

1. AHypertonic saline is toxic to the liver at high rates
2. BRaising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
3. CRaising sodium too fast causes severe hypokalaemia and cardiac arrest
4. DFast correction causes immediate kidney failure