Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Che cosa descrive l'«efficacia» di un farmaco?

1. ALa dose necessaria per produrre metà dell'effetto
2. BL'effetto massimo che il farmaco può produrre
3. CLa frazione della dose legata alle proteine plasmatiche
4. DLa velocità con cui il farmaco viene assorbito

What is a "high-alert medication"?

1. AA drug that causes more serious harm when used in error
2. BAny drug that is given by the intravenous or intramuscular route
3. CA drug that is expensive and must be kept in a locked cupboard
4. DA new drug during its first year on the market

Which drug is an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning?

1. AFomepizole
2. BFlumazenil
3. CAtropine
4. DNaloxone

During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?

1. AAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
2. BA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
3. CA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
4. DAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once

Why is a progestogen added to oestrogen in hormone replacement therapy for a woman who still has her uterus?

1. ATo prevent breast cancer completely
2. BTo protect against endometrial hyperplasia and cancer
3. CTo reduce hot flushes much more than oestrogen alone can
4. DTo lower the risk of blood clots to zero

A patient given haloperidol develops a sudden painful twisting of the neck and the eyes roll upward. Which drug is usually given?

1. ADantrolene by mouth to relax the twisted neck muscles
2. BNaloxone
3. CA second dose of haloperidol
4. DAn anticholinergic such as benzatropine (benztropine)

Which statement about raloxifene for postmenopausal osteoporosis is correct?

1. AIt has no effect on the risk of blood clots
2. BIt acts like oestrogen in all tissues, including the breast, and relieves hot flushes
3. CIt is a bisphosphonate taken weekly with water
4. DIt acts like oestrogen on bone but blocks oestrogen in the breast, and raises clot risk

A woman has received a high-dose oxytocin infusion with large volumes of hypotonic fluid for many hours. She now has a headache, confusion and a low serum sodium. What is the most likely cause?

1. ANormal tiredness after a long labour
2. BExcessive salt in the infusion fluid
3. CWater intoxication from the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin
4. DAn allergic reaction to oxytocin causing brain swelling