Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Fibrates such as fenofibrate mainly lower which blood lipid?

1. AHDL cholesterol
2. BLipoprotein(a) only
3. CTriglycerides
4. DBile acids

Fluconazole is used to treat infections caused by:

1. AGram-negative bacteria
2. BFungi such as Candida
3. CViruses such as influenza
4. DParasites such as malaria

Which adverse effect is most common with colchicine?

1. AWeight gain and swelling
2. BConstipation and dry mouth
3. CDrowsiness and slow breathing
4. DDiarrhoea, nausea and vomiting

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

1. ANo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
2. BBulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted
3. CAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut
4. DA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener

Why is a progestogen added to oestrogen in hormone replacement therapy for a woman who still has her uterus?

1. ATo reduce hot flushes much more than oestrogen alone can
2. BTo lower the risk of blood clots to zero
3. CTo prevent breast cancer completely
4. DTo protect against endometrial hyperplasia and cancer

Which adverse effects are typical of donepezil?

1. ADry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate
2. BHair loss and skin pigmentation
3. CNausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
4. DWeight gain and high blood glucose

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3,1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. APotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned
2. BLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed
3. CInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
4. DInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster

Why is vancomycin given by mouth, not intravenously, for Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. AThe oral form is cheaper but has the same effect as IV
2. BIntravenous vancomycin causes C. difficile infection
3. COral vancomycin is not absorbed, so it reaches high levels in the colon
4. DOral vancomycin is absorbed into the blood better than IV vancomycin