Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Adenosine is used mainly to:

1. ARaise blood pressure in shock
2. BTerminate supraventricular tachycardia
3. CTreat ventricular fibrillation
4. DPrevent blood clots in atrial fibrillation

Perché l'insulina si somministra per iniezione anziché in compresse?

1. AÈ una proteina che verrebbe digerita nell'intestino
2. BLe compresse la rilascerebbero troppo lentamente
3. CÈ troppo tossica per la mucosa gastrica
4. DAgisce solo se raggiunge direttamente i muscoli scheletrici

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in the liver
2. BIt reduces the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine
3. CIt binds bile acids in the gut
4. DIt increases the excretion of cholesterol in the urine and bile

Quale effetto avverso grave ma raro delle statine i pazienti devono segnalare subito?

1. AUna tosse secca
2. BDolore o debolezza muscolare inspiegati
3. CGonfiore alle caviglie
4. DUn sapore metallico

Before starting a TNF-alpha inhibitor such as adalimumab, which test is required?

1. AA glucose tolerance test
2. BA bone density scan
3. CScreening for latent tuberculosis
4. DAn echocardiogram in every patient

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
2. BGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
3. CGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
4. DGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol

A patient took a large paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 6 hours ago and feels well. Why is treatment still urgent?

1. AThe drug will cause kidney stones within a few hours
2. BLiver damage appears 1–3 days later, and early treatment works best
3. CParacetamol overdose only causes harm if symptoms start in the first hour
4. DThe patient is at risk of immediate respiratory arrest

A patient taking carbimazole or methimazole (thiamazole) for Graves' disease reports a sore throat and fever. What should the nurse suspect and do?

1. AHypothyroidism; add levothyroxine at once
2. BA common cold; advise rest and fluids and continue the drug as usual
3. CThyroid storm; double the next dose of the drug
4. DAgranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently