Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain
2. BIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain
3. CIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
4. DIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut

How does tamsulosin improve urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AIt shrinks the prostate gland over months by blocking testosterone
2. BIt increases urine production in the kidney
3. CIt blocks alpha-1 receptors and relaxes prostate smooth muscle
4. DIt contracts the bladder muscle

Filgrastim, a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), is given to:

1. ALower the white cell count in leukaemia
2. BStop bleeding from wounds
3. CIncrease the production of neutrophils
4. DIncrease the production of platelets

Which signs suggest early lithium toxicity?

1. AVery high blood pressure and a severe headache
2. BPinpoint pupils and slow breathing
3. CDiarrhoea, vomiting, coarse tremor and drowsiness
4. DHair loss and dark urine only

Perché la doxiciclina non va assunta contemporaneamente a latte o antiacidi?

1. AL'associazione causa una grave stitichezza
2. BIl calcio e altri ioni metallici la legano e ne riducono l'assorbimento
3. CGli antiacidi la trasformano in un composto tossico
4. DIl latte ne accelera la degradazione nel fegato inducendo gli enzimi

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

1. AA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
2. BAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut
3. CNo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
4. DBulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted

A patient on long-term lithium passes large amounts of dilute urine and is always thirsty. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALithium increases ADH release from the pituitary
2. BLithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
3. CThe patient is drinking too much and lithium is unrelated
4. DLithium causes type 1 diabetes by destroying the pancreatic beta cells

Ten days after chemotherapy, a patient has a temperature of 38,5 °C (101,3 °F) but says she feels fine. What should happen?

1. AUrgent cultures and IV broad-spectrum antibiotics without delay
2. BStart oral antibiotics only if a rash develops
3. CParacetamol at home and review at the next routine clinic visit
4. DWait 48 hours to see whether the fever settles