Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Which vasopressor is usually first-line for septic shock that persists after fluids?

1. AAdenosine
2. BGlyceryl trinitrate
3. CIsoprenaline (isoproterenol)
4. DNoradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Nitrofurantoin is used mainly to treat:

1. AUncomplicated cystitis (lower urinary infection)
2. BPneumonia
3. CBone infections
4. DBacterial meningitis in adults and children

Why are corticosteroids such as betamethasone given to a woman at risk of preterm birth?

1. ATo lower the mother's blood glucose
2. BTo stop contractions completely
3. CTo prevent infection in the mother
4. DTo speed up fetal lung maturity

A patient with insulin-treated diabetes is found unconscious with very low blood glucose. There is no IV access. Which drug can a trained helper give?

1. AGlucagon by injection or nasal spray
2. BIntramuscular adrenaline
3. COral glucose gel poured into the mouth
4. DRapid-acting insulin under the skin

What should the nurse teach a patient starting nitrofurantoin?

1. AStop it as soon as the burning settles
2. BTake it on an empty stomach with an antacid
3. CExpect blue urine, which shows that the drug is working well
4. DTake it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which adverse effect should the patient report at once?

1. AA brief change in taste
2. BAny new skin rash
3. CMild headache on the first day
4. DSlight tiredness in the afternoon

A patient with an epidural infusion of local anaesthetic becomes hypotensive. What is the most likely mechanism?

1. AThe local anaesthetic causes a severe allergic reaction
2. BThe epidural catheter has caused heavy bleeding
3. CThe drug increases urine output and causes dehydration
4. DBlockade of sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation

In myxoedema coma, why is hydrocortisone often given before or with thyroid hormone?

1. AThyroid hormone is inactive unless hydrocortisone is given
2. BHydrocortisone makes thyroid hormone work faster
3. CHydrocortisone prevents the hypoglycaemia caused by levothyroxine
4. DThyroid hormone can trigger adrenal crisis if cortisol is also low