練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 維持輸液が 80 mL/h で休みなく続いています。24時間で何リットル V を投与しますか。
80 mL/h24 h
V = L
5.読解(入学試験)ふつう
The library’s new rule states: “Mobile phones must be set to silent in the reading room. Calls may be taken in the lobby.” Where may visitors take phone calls?
ANowhere in the building
BIn the lobby
CIn the reading room
DAnywhere in the library
6.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
“I trust this brand because it is the most reliable, and I know it is the most reliable because I trust it.” What is wrong with this reasoning?
AIt relies on an expert’s opinion.
BIt compares two different brands unfairly.
CIt goes in a circle without real evidence.
DIt uses too many statistics to be clear.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse treated the dying patient with great compassion.”
AIndifference and a complete lack of interest
BImpatience and a need to hurry
CCare for suffering and a wish to help
DStrictness and firm discipline
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
Which word is closest in meaning to innocuous?
AHarmless
BToxic
CInfectious
DPainful
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the best transition: “Regular exercise strengthens the heart. ___, it can improve mood.”
AOtherwise
BInstead
CIn addition
DHowever
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Which choice is the active-voice version of “The report was written by the charge nurse.”?
ABy the charge nurse, the report was written.
BThe report had been written by the charge nurse.
CThe report was being written by the charge nurse.
速さと縮尺:速さ = 距離 ÷ 時間で、時間は答えの単位にそろえます(2 h 15 min = 2.25 h。15 min = 15/60 h だからです)。地図の縮尺は比例です:地図上の 1 cm は地上の一定の距離を表すので、地図上の距離にそれを掛けます。
時間(時間単位)
4 + 36/60 = 4.6 h
速さ
v = 230/4.6 = 50 mph
答え
v = 50 mph
3.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 36.6 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
97.8 − 32 = 65.8
5/9を掛ける
T = 65.8·5/9 = 36.56 ≈ 36.6 °C
答え
T = 36.6 °C
4.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 1.92 L
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1日の容量
80 mL/h × 24 h = 1920 mL
リットルで
V = 1920/1000 = 1.92 L
答え
V = 1.92 L
5.読解(入学試験)
答え: B · In the lobby
これが答えになる理由
Calls may be taken in the lobby; phones must be silent in the reading room.
答え
B · In the lobby
6.読解(入学試験)
答え: C · It goes in a circle without real evidence.
これが答えになる理由
The speaker uses trust to prove reliability and reliability to prove trust. This circular reasoning gives no outside evidence.
答え
C · It goes in a circle without real evidence.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: C · Care for suffering and a wish to help
これが答えになる理由
Compassion is concern for the suffering of others together with a desire to help.
答え
C · Care for suffering and a wish to help
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · Harmless
これが答えになる理由
Innocuous means not harmful or offensive.
答え
A · Harmless
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: C · In addition
これが答えになる理由
“In addition” adds a related point. “However” and “instead” show contrast, and “otherwise” shows a consequence.
答え
C · In addition
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · The charge nurse wrote the report.
これが答えになる理由
In A the doer (the charge nurse) is the subject and performs the action. B, C and D still use a form of “be” plus the past participle, so they are passive.
Lactose is made of glucose and galactose. People with lactose intolerance lack enough lactase, the enzyme that splits it, so the sugar is fermented by gut bacteria.