練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある新生児の体重は 4 lb 8 oz です。1 lb = 16 oz と 1 kg = 2.2 lb を使って、体重 m をキログラムで求めてください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
4 lb 8 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
4.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 93 kg の患者に対する指示は 0.5 mcg/kg/min です。この投与速度 D を mg/h で表してください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
0.5 mcg/kg/min93 kg
D = mg/h
5.読解(入学試験)ふつう
Passage: “Coral reefs are sometimes called the rainforests of the sea.” Why might coral reefs be compared to rainforests?
ABoth are made mainly of tall trees.
BBoth receive a lot of rain.
CBoth are home to a great variety of life.
DBoth are found only on mountains.
6.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
“The forest fire was finally under control after three days. Firefighters praised the townspeople, who had cleared dry brush around their homes weeks earlier, for saving many houses.” Why did the firefighters praise the townspeople?
AThey called the firefighters very quickly.
BTheir earlier preparation helped protect houses.
CThey left the town before the fire began.
DThey put out the fire themselves on the first day.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse gave explicit instructions about wound care.”
AClearly and fully stated
BUnwritten and informal
CLong and full of technical terms
DVague and general
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The nurse gave a ___ explanation that every family member could understand.”
Alucid
Bvague
Cconvoluted
Dobscure
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct word: “Of the two treatments, this one is ___.”
Asafer
Bmost safe
Cmore safest
Dsafest
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the correct word for formal writing: “I do not know ___ the manager will choose.”
Awho’s
Bwho
Cwhose
Dwhom
11.人体解剖学ふつう
肘の主な伸筋はどれですか?
A烏口腕筋
B上腕筋
C上腕三頭筋
D上腕二頭筋
12.人体解剖学むずかしい
大腿三角で、主な構造の外側から内側への並び順はどれですか?
A大腿神経、大腿動脈、大腿静脈
B大腿静脈、大腿動脈、大腿神経
C大腿動脈、大腿神経、大腿静脈
D大腿神経、大腿静脈、大腿動脈
13.人体生理学ふつう
体内の正のフィードバックの古典的な例はどれですか?
A分娩中のオキシトシンの放出
B体温が上がったときの発汗
C食後のインスリンの放出
D血漿浸透圧が上がったときの ADH の放出
14.人体生理学むずかしい
重い高カリウム血症が心臓にとって危険なのはなぜですか?
A心筋細胞を脱分極させ、ナトリウムチャネルを不活化して不整脈を起こすから
B心筋細胞を過分極させ、決して発火できなくするから
Cカルシウムのトロポニンへの結合を妨げるから
D洞房結節を速め、頻脈で失神を起こすから
15.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
Golden rice was genetically modified to make beta-carotene. What is the aim?
ATo make the rice grow faster in cold climates
BTo make the rice resistant to all insects
CTo increase the protein content of the rice
DTo help prevent vitamin A deficiency
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
At 100× total magnification, the field of view of a microscope is 2 mm wide. What is its width at 400×?
A0.5 mm
B0.2 mm
C8 mm
D2 mm
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
強酸を説明しているのはどれか。
ApHが 7 より大きい
B水素イオンを一部しか放出しない
C常に濃度が高い
D水中で完全に電離する
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, most alpha particles passed straight through the foil but a few bounced back. What did this show?
AAn atom is mostly empty space with a small, dense, positive nucleus
BElectrons are spread evenly through a positive "pudding"
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
8 oz/16 = 0.5 lb
4 + 0.5 = 4.5 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 4.5/2.2 = 2.045 ≈ 2.05 kg
答え
m = 2.05 kg
4.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 2.79 mg/h
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 0.5 mcg/kg/min × 93 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
計算する
D = 0.5·93·60/1000 = 2.79 mg/h
答え
D = 2.79 mg/h
5.読解(入学試験)
答え: C · Both are home to a great variety of life.
これが答えになる理由
Rainforests are known for their huge variety of living things, and coral reefs also support many species, so the comparison highlights rich biodiversity.
答え
C · Both are home to a great variety of life.
6.読解(入学試験)
答え: B · Their earlier preparation helped protect houses.
これが答えになる理由
Clearing dry brush removes fuel, so the townspeople’s earlier preparation helped save houses.
答え
B · Their earlier preparation helped protect houses.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · Clearly and fully stated
これが答えになる理由
Explicit means stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion.
答え
A · Clearly and fully stated
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · lucid
これが答えになる理由
Lucid means clear and easy to understand. Vague, obscure and convoluted all mean hard to understand.
答え
A · lucid
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: A · safer
これが答えになる理由
Use the comparative form (-er or more) for two things and the superlative (-est or most) for three or more. “More safest” is a double comparison and is never correct.
答え
A · safer
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · whom
これが答えになる理由
In the clause “the manager will choose him/her”, the pronoun is the object of “choose”, so the object form “whom” is correct.
Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A in the body. Golden rice was developed to reduce vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness, in places where rice is the main food.
答え
D · To help prevent vitamin A deficiency
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: A · 0.5 mm
これが答えになる理由
Magnification increases 4 times (100× to 400×), so the field of view becomes 4 times narrower: 2 mm ÷ 4 = 0.5 mm.
答え: A · An atom is mostly empty space with a small, dense, positive nucleus
これが答えになる理由
Most particles passing through meant most of the atom is empty; the rare sharp rebounds meant a tiny region of concentrated positive charge and mass. This replaced the plum-pudding model with the nuclear model.
答え
A · An atom is mostly empty space with a small, dense, positive nucleus