練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 3 tsp / 咳止めシロップ, 1½ tbsp / 液体サプリメント, 1 fl oz / ジュース, ¼ カップ / お茶 を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 tsp = 5 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
V = mL
5.読解(入学試験)ふつう
Falls are a common cause of injury in older adults. Removing loose rugs, adding bright lights on stairs and installing grab bars in the bathroom can make a home safer. What is the main purpose of the passage?
ATo argue that older adults need carers
BTo describe the design of modern bathrooms
CTo explain how bones heal after a fall
DTo suggest ways to prevent falls at home
6.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
A safety leaflet says: “Store all medicines out of the reach of children. Keep them in their original containers so that the label and instructions stay with them.” Which practice follows BOTH pieces of advice?
ATablets in an unlabelled jar on a high shelf
BOriginal bottles left on a low kitchen table
COriginal bottles kept in a high, locked cabinet
DTablets loose in a handbag on the floor
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The doctor examined a lesion on the patient’s back.”
AA tattoo that has faded with age
BA muscle cramp in the lower back
CA normal skin crease over the shoulder blade
DAn area of abnormal or damaged tissue
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
What does the term cholecystectomy mean?
ASurgical removal of the gallbladder
BInflammation of the gallbladder
CSurgical incision into the common bile duct
DSurgical removal of the pancreas
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct verb: “The class had already ___ when I arrived.”
Abeginned
Bbegan
Cbegin
Dbegun
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the correct verb: “It is high time we ___ the old equipment.”
Areplacing
Bwill replace
Creplaced
Dreplace
11.人体解剖学ふつう
肘の前面にある皮静脈で、静脈穿刺に最もよく用いられるのはどれですか?
A肘正中皮静脈
B上腕静脈
C大伏在静脈
D腋窩静脈
12.人体解剖学むずかしい
男性で鼠径管を通る構造はどれですか?
A大腿動脈
B閉鎖神経
C大伏在静脈
D精索
13.人体生理学ふつう
重い肝疾患のように血漿アルブミンが低いと浮腫が起こります。その主な理由は何ですか?
Aリンパの排出が増えるから
B毛細血管が水を通さなくなるから
C毛細血管の静水圧が下がるから
D血漿の膠質浸透圧が下がるから
14.人体生理学むずかしい
大量出血後の初期の循環血液量減少性ショックの患者で予想されるサインの組み合わせはどれですか?
A頻脈、冷たく青白い皮膚、尿量の減少
B頻脈、温かく紅潮した皮膚、尿量の増加
C徐脈、冷たく青白い皮膚、尿量の増加
D徐脈、温かく紅潮した皮膚、尿量の増加
15.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
Nerve cells release chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) stored in vesicles. By which process are they released?
APhagocytosis
BExocytosis
COsmosis
DEndocytosis
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
Cyanide stops mitochondria from making ATP. Which process in the affected cells would stop first?
ASimple diffusion of oxygen into the cell
BPumping of Na⁺ and K⁺ by the sodium-potassium pump
COsmosis of water across the membrane
DFacilitated diffusion of glucose down its gradient
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
A red blood cell is placed in a concentrated (hypertonic) salt solution. What happens?
AWater enters the cell, which swells and may burst
BThe cell stays the same size and shape
CSalt leaves the cell, which swells
DWater leaves the cell, which shrinks
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
A scuba diver breathes compressed air deep underwater. Why must the diver breathe out while swimming up to the surface?
AOxygen turns to liquid at the surface
BThe air in the lungs expands as the outside pressure falls
CThe water gets warmer near the surface
DThe air in the lungs shrinks as the outside pressure falls
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
103.9 − 32 = 71.9
5/9を掛ける
T = 71.9·5/9 = 39.94 ≈ 39.9 °C
答え
T = 39.9 °C
4.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 127.5 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
3 tsp = 3·5 = 15 mL
1½ tbsp = 1.5·15 = 22.5 mL
1 fl oz = 1·30 = 30 mL
¼ カップ = 0.25·240 = 60 mL
足す
V = 15 + 22.5 + 30 + 60 = 127.5 mL
答え
V = 127.5 mL
5.読解(入学試験)
答え: D · To suggest ways to prevent falls at home
これが答えになる理由
The passage names fall risks and lists changes that make a home safer, so its purpose is to suggest ways to prevent falls.
答え
D · To suggest ways to prevent falls at home
6.読解(入学試験)
答え: C · Original bottles kept in a high, locked cabinet
これが答えになる理由
Only the original bottles in a high, locked cabinet keep medicines out of children’s reach and in labelled containers.
答え
C · Original bottles kept in a high, locked cabinet
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: D · An area of abnormal or damaged tissue
これが答えになる理由
A lesion is any area of tissue that has been damaged or changed abnormally by injury or disease.
答え
D · An area of abnormal or damaged tissue
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · Surgical removal of the gallbladder
これが答えになる理由
A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder, the sac that stores bile.
答え
A · Surgical removal of the gallbladder
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · begun
これが答えになる理由
“Begin” has the forms begin, began, begun. The past perfect uses had + past participle: had begun.
答え
D · begun
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: C · replaced
これが答えになる理由
“It is time” or “It is high time” + subject is followed by a past form to show that something should already be happening: “It is high time we replaced it.”
In exocytosis, vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell. Endocytosis and phagocytosis take material in, and osmosis is the movement of water.
答え
B · Exocytosis
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: B · Pumping of Na⁺ and K⁺ by the sodium-potassium pump
これが答えになる理由
Only active transport uses ATP, so the sodium-potassium pump fails when ATP runs out. Diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion are passive and are driven by concentration gradients.
答え
B · Pumping of Na⁺ and K⁺ by the sodium-potassium pump
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: D · Water leaves the cell, which shrinks
これが答えになる理由
The outside solution has more solute than the cell, so water moves out of the cell by osmosis. The cell shrivels, which is called crenation.
答え
D · Water leaves the cell, which shrinks
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: B · The air in the lungs expands as the outside pressure falls
これが答えになる理由
Water pressure decreases on the way up, so the gas in the lungs expands. If the diver holds their breath, the expanding air can over-stretch and injure the lungs.
答え
B · The air in the lungs expands as the outside pressure falls