Vaccines train the immune system to recognise a germ without causing the disease. Later, if the real germ enters the body, the immune system can respond faster. Which statement best summarises the passage?
AVaccines cause a mild form of every disease.
BVaccines replace the immune system completely.
CVaccines prepare the immune system to fight a germ quickly.
DVaccines work only after a person is already sick with the disease.
6.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
The author writes: “Online shopping is convenient, but it has hidden costs. Small local shops close, high streets empty and delivery vans add to traffic.” Which statement best describes the author’s view?
ALocal shops are always cheaper than any online stores.
BOnline shopping should be banned in every town.
COnline shopping is not convenient for anyone.
DOnline shopping has drawbacks that are easy to miss.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The preliminary results look promising.”
AEarly and not final
BIncorrect and withdrawn
CDetailed and complete
DFinal and confirmed
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
Which word is the opposite of hypertrophy?
ANecrosis
BAtrophy
CHyperplasia
DDystrophy
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct word: “She feels ___ about missing the appointment.”
Abad
Bworse than
Cbadly
Dbaddest
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Which sentence uses “e.g.” correctly?
ABring a healthy snack e.g fruit or nuts.
BBring e.g., a healthy snack, fruit or nuts.
CBring a healthy snack, e.g., fruit or nuts.
DBring a healthy snack, eg. fruit or nuts.
11.人体解剖学ふつう
眼の外側直筋を支配する脳神経はどれですか?
A滑車神経(IV)
B動眼神経(III)
C外転神経(VI)
D視神経(II)
12.人体解剖学むずかしい
大きな大動脈弓動脈瘤のある患者に嗄声が生じました。最も圧迫されている可能性が高い神経はどれですか?
A左横隔神経
B右反回神経
C上喉頭神経外枝
D左反回神経
13.人体生理学ふつう
心電図の QRS 波は何を表していますか?
A心房の再分極
B心室の脱分極
C心房の脱分極
D心室の再分極
14.人体生理学むずかしい
ラクターゼ欠乏症の人が牛乳を飲んだ後に下痢と腹部膨満を起こすのはなぜですか?
A乳糖が絨毛を直接傷つけるから
B牛乳のタンパク質がアレルギー反応を起こすから
C乳糖が速く吸収されすぎて血糖を上げるから
D消化されない乳糖が腸に水を引き込み、大腸の細菌に発酵されるから
15.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
A person catches chickenpox once and does not usually become ill with it again. Why?
AMemory cells give a faster, stronger response the next time
BThe skin becomes thicker after the first infection
CThe virus stays in the blood and kills new viruses
DAntibodies from the first infection turn into new viruses
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
膵臓の細胞は、大量の消化酵素をつくって分泌する。特に発達していると考えられる細胞小器官はどれか。
A葉緑体と細胞壁
B滑面小胞体、葉緑体、大きな液胞
C粗面小胞体とゴルジ体
Dリソソームと細胞壁
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
温度が高くなると、通常、固体が水に溶ける量はどうなるか。
Aより多く溶ける
Bより少なく溶ける
C固体には影響しない
D固体が気体になる
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
A small amount of acid is spilled on a lab bench. Why is a weak base such as sodium bicarbonate preferred over strong NaOH to neutralise it?
ASodium bicarbonate makes the spilled acid evaporate
BExcess sodium bicarbonate is far less harmful than excess NaOH
CNaOH does not react with acids at room temperature
DSodium bicarbonate is a strong acid that cancels the spill
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
変換
c = 22.5·18 = 405 mg/dL
答え
c = 405 mg/dL
5.読解(入学試験)
答え: C · Vaccines prepare the immune system to fight a germ quickly.
これが答えになる理由
The passage explains that vaccines teach the immune system to recognise a germ so it responds faster later.
答え
C · Vaccines prepare the immune system to fight a germ quickly.
6.読解(入学試験)
答え: D · Online shopping has drawbacks that are easy to miss.
これが答えになる理由
The author admits online shopping is convenient but points to less obvious costs, so the view is that it has hidden drawbacks. The author does not call for a ban.
答え
D · Online shopping has drawbacks that are easy to miss.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · Early and not final
これが答えになる理由
Preliminary means coming before the main or final part.
答え
A · Early and not final
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Atrophy
これが答えになる理由
Hypertrophy is an increase in size, while atrophy is a decrease in size or wasting of tissue.
答え
B · Atrophy
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: A · bad
これが答えになる理由
After linking verbs such as feel, seem and look, use an adjective: she feels bad. “Feels badly” would describe her sense of touch.
答え
A · bad
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: C · Bring a healthy snack, e.g., fruit or nuts.
これが答えになる理由
“e.g.” is written with two full stops, follows a comma and comes right before the examples. “i.e.” (that is) would restate rather than give examples.
答え: A · Memory cells give a faster, stronger response the next time
これが答えになる理由
After the first infection, memory B and T cells remain. On a second exposure they respond much faster and more strongly, so the virus is cleared before it causes illness.
答え
A · Memory cells give a faster, stronger response the next time
答え: B · Excess sodium bicarbonate is far less harmful than excess NaOH
これが答えになる理由
It is hard to add exactly the right amount. Excess bicarbonate is only mildly basic, while excess NaOH is itself corrosive. The fizzing of CO₂ also shows when neutralisation is complete.
答え
B · Excess sodium bicarbonate is far less harmful than excess NaOH