練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 21:35 に始まり、翌朝の 04:40 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何分 t 続きましたか。
21:3504:40
t = min
5.読解(入学試験)ふつう
A label on a cleaning spray reads: “Use in a well-ventilated area. Do not mix with bleach. Keep away from children.” Which action follows the label?
AUsing it in a small closed cupboard
BOpening a window while using the spray
CMixing the spray with bleach for extra power
DLeaving it on a low shelf in the playroom
6.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
“At first, the villagers laughed at Ana’s plan to plant trees on the bare hillside. Ten years later, the forest she started prevented a landslide that would have buried the village.” What is the main theme?
ALandslides are common in mountain villages.
BPatient effort can prove its worth over time.
CVillagers should never laugh at the plans of strangers.
DPlanting trees is a quick way to get rich.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Smoking can exacerbate asthma.”
ACure completely
BPrevent
CHide
DMake worse
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
What does the term pneumothorax mean?
AFluid filling the tiny air sacs of the lung
BInflammation of the lung tissue
CAir in the chest cavity around the lung
DBlood in the chest cavity
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct words: “The nurses were ___ for the inspection.”
Aalredy
Ball ready
Calready
Dallready
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the correct word: “Give the form to ___ asks for it.”
Awhoever
Bwhom
Cwhomever
Dwho’s
11.人体解剖学ふつう
心臓の壁のどの層に心筋がありますか?
A心筋層
B心内膜
C心外膜
D心膜
12.人体解剖学むずかしい
転位のある大腿骨頸部骨折で、大腿骨頭の無腐性壊死のリスクが高いのはなぜですか?
A大腿動脈の本幹が切断されるため
B内側大腿回旋動脈の支帯枝が断裂するため
C血流を調節する坐骨神経が損傷されるため
D大腿静脈が閉塞してうっ血が起こるため
13.人体生理学ふつう
体内の正のフィードバックの古典的な例はどれですか?
A分娩中のオキシトシンの放出
B食後のインスリンの放出
C血漿浸透圧が上がったときの ADH の放出
D体温が上がったときの発汗
14.人体生理学むずかしい
慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)に典型的なスパイロメトリーの所見はどれですか?
Aピークフローの増加
BFVC が低く、FEV1/FVC 比が 0.9 を超える
CFEV1 が正常で、FVC が低い
DFEV1/FVC 比が 0.7 未満
15.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
In gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move towards the positive electrode?
ADNA has a negative charge from its phosphate groups
BDNA has no charge and moves at random
CDNA is pulled by gravity through the gel
DDNA has a positive charge from the nitrogen bases it contains
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
A pesticide that is not broken down is sprayed on crops. Later, hawks at the top of the food chain have much higher levels of it than the insects. Why?
AHawks make the pesticide in their own bodies
BThe pesticide is broken down faster in insects than in plants
CEach predator eats many prey, so the pesticide builds up at each level
DHawks eat the crops directly, so they take in the most pesticide of all
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
ナトリウム原子(電子 11 個)の電子配置はどれか。
A2, 8, 1
B2, 9
C2, 8, 2
D8, 2, 1
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
Which pair of substances could form a buffer solution?
AHydrochloric acid (HCl) and chloride (Cl⁻)
BHydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
答え: A · DNA has a negative charge from its phosphate groups
これが答えになる理由
The phosphate groups in the DNA backbone are negatively charged, so DNA moves towards the positive electrode. Small fragments move through the gel more easily than large ones.
答え
A · DNA has a negative charge from its phosphate groups
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: C · Each predator eats many prey, so the pesticide builds up at each level
これが答えになる理由
A stable pesticide is stored in the body rather than excreted. Each organism at a higher level eats many organisms from the level below, so the concentration rises along the food chain. This is how DDT harmed birds of prey.
答え
C · Each predator eats many prey, so the pesticide builds up at each level
答え: C · Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)
これが答えになる理由
A buffer contains a weak acid and its conjugate base, which can absorb added base or acid. H₂CO₃/HCO₃⁻ is the main buffer in blood. HCl is a strong acid, so Cl⁻ cannot pick up H⁺ well enough to buffer.