“The word ‘biology’ comes from two Greek words: ‘bios’, meaning life, and ‘logos’, meaning study.” What does “biology” mean, according to the passage?
AThe study of life
BThe study of rocks
CThe study of numbers
DThe study of stars
6.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
“Many patients feel nervous before surgery. Nurses can help by explaining what will happen, answering questions and letting patients know that their feelings are normal.” What is the author’s purpose?
ATo describe how nurses can ease patients’ fears
BTo criticise nurses for not explaining surgery to patients enough
CTo persuade patients to avoid having surgery
DTo explain how surgery is performed in detail
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Stress at work caused her insomnia.”
ADifficulty sleeping
BHeavy night sweats
CFrightening dreams
DExcessive sleepiness
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
What does the term hemiplegia mean?
AParalysis of all four limbs
BWeakness of both legs only
CParalysis of one side of the body
DLoss of all feeling in both hands and fingers
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct word: “The patient ___ called yesterday is here.”
Awhich
Bwho
Cwhom
Dwhose
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Which sentence is a simple sentence with a compound predicate?
AThe nurse washed her hands; then she put on gloves.
BThe nurse washed her hands, and she put on gloves.
CAfter the nurse washed her hands, she put on gloves.
DThe nurse washed her hands and put on gloves.
11.人体解剖学ふつう
肺から心臓へ酸素を多く含む血液を運ぶ血管はどれですか?
A気管支動脈
B大静脈
C肺動脈
D肺静脈
12.人体解剖学むずかしい
大きな大動脈弓動脈瘤のある患者に嗄声が生じました。最も圧迫されている可能性が高い神経はどれですか?
A右反回神経
B左反回神経
C上喉頭神経外枝
D左横隔神経
13.人体生理学ふつう
血漿中に抗 A 抗体と抗 B 抗体の両方を持つ ABO 血液型はどれですか?
AO 型
BAB 型
CB 型
DA 型
14.人体生理学むずかしい
長さ・張力関係によれば、骨格筋線維が伸ばされすぎると発生する力が小さくなるのはなぜですか?
A神経筋接合部が働かなくなるから
B伸ばされると筋肉の ATP が尽きるから
C伸ばされると、筋小胞体からカルシウムが放出されなくなるから
Dアクチンとミオシンの重なりが減り、形成される架橋が少なくなるから
15.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
粗面小胞体が「粗く」見えるのはなぜか。
A膜の内側に葉緑体があるから
B表面にリボソームが付着しているから
C表面に脂肪滴が蓄えられているから
D外側にリソソームが融合しているから
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
The rate of an enzyme reaction rises as substrate is added but then levels off, even when more substrate is added. Why?
AAll the active sites are occupied
BThe enzyme has been denatured
CThe products have turned back into substrate
DThe substrate has become an inhibitor
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
What charge do group 16 elements such as oxygen and sulfur usually have as ions?
A2−
B6+
C1−
D2+
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
Which 1-litre solution lowers the freezing point of water the most?
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
変換
Hb = 16.3 g/dL × 10 dL/L = 163 g/L
答え
Hb = 163 g/L
5.読解(入学試験)
答え: A · The study of life
これが答えになる理由
“Bios” means life and “logos” means study, so biology is the study of life.
答え
A · The study of life
6.読解(入学試験)
答え: A · To describe how nurses can ease patients’ fears
これが答えになる理由
The passage informs readers about ways nurses can reduce patient anxiety. It does not argue against surgery or criticise nurses.
答え
A · To describe how nurses can ease patients’ fears
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · Difficulty sleeping
これが答えになる理由
Insomnia is difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
答え
A · Difficulty sleeping
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: C · Paralysis of one side of the body
これが答えになる理由
Hemiplegia affects one side (half) of the body. Quadriplegia (tetraplegia) affects all four limbs and paraplegia the legs.
答え
C · Paralysis of one side of the body
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: B · who
これが答えになる理由
The pronoun is the subject of “called”, so use “who” (like “he”). “Which” is for things, not people.
答え
B · who
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · The nurse washed her hands and put on gloves.
これが答えになる理由
In A one subject (the nurse) has two verbs (washed, put), so it is one independent clause with a compound predicate. B and C are compound and D is complex.
At high substrate levels every active site is in use, so the enzyme is saturated and works at its maximum rate. Only adding more enzyme would raise the rate further.
答え
A · All the active sites are occupied
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: A · 2−
これが答えになる理由
Group 16 atoms have 6 valence electrons and gain 2 to reach 8, forming ions such as O²⁻ (oxide) and S²⁻ (sulfide).
答え
A · 2−
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: C · 1 M CaCl₂
これが答えになる理由
Each CaCl₂ gives 3 ions (Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻), so 1 M CaCl₂ gives about 3 mol of particles. 1 M NaCl gives 2, 0.5 M NaCl gives 1 and 1 M glucose (which does not ionise) gives 1.