練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の体温は 40.6 °C です。°F = °C × 9/5 + 32 を使って華氏 T に換算してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
40.6 °C
T = °F
4.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 3 fl oz / ジュース, 4 tbsp / 液体サプリメント, 2 tsp / 咳止めシロップ, ½ カップ / お茶 を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL1 tsp = 5 mL1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
V = mL
5.読解(入学試験)ふつう
The new park is the most beautiful place in the city. It has 200 trees, a playground and a small lake. Which statement from the passage is an opinion?
AIt has a small lake.
BThe new park is the most beautiful place in the city.
CIt has a playground.
DIt has 200 trees.
6.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
A table shows hours of sleep and test scores for four students: Ali 5 h, 62%; Ben 6 h, 70%; Cara 8 h, 85%; Dev 9 h, 83%. Which statement is best supported?
AHere, more sleep was mostly linked to higher scores.
BNine hours of sleep always gives the top score.
CSleep has no connection at all with test scores.
DBen scored higher than Cara because he slept less.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “After the breathing tube was removed, his voice was hoarse.”
AVery high
BVery loud
CCompletely normal
DRough and harsh
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the meaning of the words in bold: “On review the patient was afebrile and normotensive.”
ANo fever, and low blood pressure
BNo fever, and normal blood pressure
CA fever, and a high blood pressure reading
DA fever, and normal blood pressure
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Which phrase uses a hyphen correctly in a compound adjective with a number?
Aa three day-course
Ba three-days course
Ca three-day course
Da three days-course
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Which sentence uses commas correctly with a nonessential participial phrase?
What is the job of the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
ATo stop the cycle if the DNA is damaged or the cell is not ready
BTo speed up division whenever the cell is short of nutrients or space
CTo join the two daughter cells back together
DTo copy the DNA a second time before mitosis
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
Some viruses are surrounded by a lipid envelope taken from the host cell's membrane. Why are these viruses usually inactivated easily by soap and alcohol?
ASoap and alcohol dissolve the viral DNA directly
BSoap and alcohol break up the lipid envelope
CThe envelope is made of chitin, which soap digests
DEnveloped viruses have no proteins at all
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
反応 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO で、酸化される物質はどれか。
Aマグネシウム。電子を失うから
B酸素。電子を失うから
Cどちらの物質も電荷が変わらない
Dマグネシウム。電子を得るから
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
A gas occupies 4 L at 2 atm and 200 K. What is its volume at 1 atm and 400 K?
A16 L
B1 L
C4 L
D8 L
3溶液
1.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)
答え: x = 16 カップ
単位の換算:1 に等しい係数を、元の単位が消えるように書いて掛けます:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。メートル法の長さ:1 km = 1000 m、1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm、1 cm = 10 mm。米国の慣用単位:1 ft = 12 in、1 yd = 3 ft、1 mi = 5280 ft、1 gal = 4 qt、1 qt = 2 pt、1 pt = 2 cups、1 ton = 2000 lb。時間:1 h = 60 min、1 min = 60 s、1 day = 24 h、1 week = 7 days。小さい単位で表すと、数は大きくなります。
係数をつなげる
x = 1 × 4 × 2 × 2 = 16 カップ
答え
x = 16 カップ
2.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)
答え: x = 5
方程式を解く:x が単独になるまで、両辺に同じことをします。操作は逆の順に打ち消します:まず足し算か引き算、次に掛け算か割り算です。かっこは分配法則 a(x + b) = ax + ab で外し、x の項を片側に集めます。答えは代入して確かめます。
分配する
2x − 10 = x − 5
項をまとめる
1x = 5
割る
x = 5/1 = 5
答え
x = 5
3.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 105.1 °F
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
9/5を掛ける
40.6·9/5 = 73.08
32を足す
T = 73.08 + 32 = 105.1 °F
答え
T = 105.1 °F
4.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 280 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
3 fl oz = 3·30 = 90 mL
4 tbsp = 4·15 = 60 mL
2 tsp = 2·5 = 10 mL
½ カップ = 0.5·240 = 120 mL
足す
V = 90 + 60 + 10 + 120 = 280 mL
答え
V = 280 mL
5.読解(入学試験)
答え: B · The new park is the most beautiful place in the city.
これが答えになる理由
“Most beautiful” is a personal judgement. The number of trees, the playground and the lake are facts that can be checked.
答え
B · The new park is the most beautiful place in the city.
6.読解(入学試験)
答え: A · Here, more sleep was mostly linked to higher scores.
これが答えになる理由
Scores mostly rise with sleep, but Dev slept most and scored slightly lower than Cara. So the link is general, not perfect, and four students cannot prove a rule.
答え
A · Here, more sleep was mostly linked to higher scores.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: D · Rough and harsh
これが答えになる理由
A hoarse voice sounds rough and harsh, often because the vocal cords are irritated.
答え
D · Rough and harsh
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · No fever, and normal blood pressure
これが答えになる理由
Afebrile means without fever, and normotensive means having normal blood pressure.
答え
B · No fever, and normal blood pressure
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: C · a three-day course
これが答えになる理由
A number + unit placed before a noun is hyphenated, and the unit stays singular: a three-day course, a ten-year-old child.
答え
C · a three-day course
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · The patient, feeling dizzy, sat down.
これが答えになる理由
“Feeling dizzy” adds information about the patient and can be removed, so it is enclosed by a pair of commas.
答え: A · To stop the cycle if the DNA is damaged or the cell is not ready
これが答えになる理由
Checkpoints check things such as DNA damage and correct spindle attachment. If there is a problem, the cycle pauses for repair or the cell undergoes apoptosis. Faulty checkpoints can lead to cancer.
答え
A · To stop the cycle if the DNA is damaged or the cell is not ready
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: B · Soap and alcohol break up the lipid envelope
これが答えになる理由
Soap and alcohol disrupt lipid membranes, so the envelope and its attachment proteins fall apart and the virus can no longer infect cells. Viruses without an envelope tend to be harder to inactivate.
答え
B · Soap and alcohol break up the lipid envelope
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: A · マグネシウム。電子を失うから
これが答えになる理由
酸化とは電子を失うことである。Mg → Mg²⁺ + 2e⁻。酸素はその電子を得て、還元される。
答え
A · マグネシウム。電子を失うから
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: A · 16 L
これが答えになる理由
V₂ = P₁V₁T₂ ÷ (T₁P₂) = (2 × 4 × 400) ÷ (200 × 1) = 16 L. Halving the pressure doubles the volume, and doubling the temperature doubles it again.