練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 処方箋に、経口懸濁液 1日2回 を 1 tsp、7 日間と書かれています。懸濁液は 150 mL のボトルで供給されます。1 tsp = 5 mL を用いて、期間を完了するために供給しなければならないボトルは何本 N ですか(整数)。
1 tsp1日2回7 日150 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
5.読解(入学試験)ふつう
The author writes: “Some people say reading on screens is just as good as reading on paper. However, several studies suggest that readers remember long texts slightly better on paper.” What is the author’s point?
APeople always remember more from screens.
BPaper may help people remember long texts.
CReading has no effect on memory at all.
DScreens should never be used for reading.
6.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
A bus timetable shows buses leaving the hospital at 7:15, 7:45, 8:15 and 8:45 a.m. The trip to the train station takes 25 minutes. A nurse must catch a 9:00 a.m. train. Which is the latest bus that gets the nurse to the station in time?
AThe 7:45 bus
BThe 8:45 bus
CThe 7:15 bus
DThe 8:15 bus
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Give a concise report at the end of the shift.”
AVague and general
BFormal and written
CBrief but complete
DLong and detailed
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
What does the term leukaemia mean?
AAn inherited bleeding disorder
BA cancer of the blood-forming tissues
CA low number of red blood cells
DA bacterial infection of the bloodstream
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct words: “He drives ___ than his brother.”
Amost carefully
Bcarefuller
Cmore careful
Dmore carefully
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Which sentence uses “whoever” or “whomever” correctly?
AWho’s ever arrives first should unlock the door.
BWhomever arrives first should unlock the door.
CWhoever arrives first should unlock the door.
DWhom arrives first should unlock the door.
11.人体解剖学ふつう
僧帽筋と胸鎖乳突筋を支配する脳神経はどれですか?
A顔面神経(VII)
B副神経(XI)
C迷走神経(X)
D舌下神経(XII)
12.人体解剖学むずかしい
ビタミン B12 と胆汁酸塩が主に吸収されるのは小腸のどの部分ですか?
A盲腸
B回腸末端
C空腸
D十二指腸
13.人体生理学ふつう
典型的な神経の活動電位で、脱分極相を起こすために細胞内へ入るイオンはどれですか?
Aナトリウム(Na⁺)
Bカルシウム(Ca²⁺)
C塩化物(Cl⁻)
Dカリウム(K⁺)
14.人体生理学むずかしい
一酸化炭素中毒の患者で、PaO₂ が正常なのに組織が重い低酸素になりうるのはなぜですか?
ACO が酸素の血漿への溶解を妨げるから
BCO が肺胞壁を越える拡散を遮断するから
CCO が肺胞内の大気圧を下げるから
DCO がヘモグロビンの結合部位を占めるため、酸素含量が下がるから
15.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
脱水縮合反応では何が起こるか。
A浸透によって細胞から水が取り除かれる
B水分子が加わることで重合体が分解される
C2 つの単量体が結合し、水分子が 1 つ放出される
D細胞が乾燥して死ぬ
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
Why is one new DNA strand made in short pieces (Okazaki fragments) during replication?
AThe lagging strand is made of RNA instead of DNA, so it must be built in pieces
BDNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
COnly half of the DNA needs to be copied
DHelicase cuts that strand into pieces before copying
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
How does atomic radius change going down a group?
AIt increases
BIt decreases
CIt decreases, then increases
DIt stays the same
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
Haemoglobin binds oxygen reversibly: Hb + O₂ ⇌ HbO₂. How does this equilibrium help deliver oxygen to tissues?
ALow O₂ in tissues shifts it to the right, releasing oxygen
BLow O₂ in tissues shifts it to the left, releasing oxygen
CThe equilibrium does not change anywhere in the body
DHigh O₂ in tissues shifts it to the left, absorbing oxygen
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
100.9 − 32 = 68.9
5/9を掛ける
T = 68.9·5/9 = 38.28 ≈ 38.3 °C
答え
T = 38.3 °C
4.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: N = 1
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
合計容量
5 mL × 2 × 7 = 70 mL
ボトル
70/150 = 0.4667 → N = 1
答え
N = 1
5.読解(入学試験)
答え: B · Paper may help people remember long texts.
これが答えになる理由
After “However”, the author presents evidence that paper may support memory of long texts. The word “slightly” shows the claim is modest, not a ban on screens.
答え
B · Paper may help people remember long texts.
6.読解(入学試験)
答え: D · The 8:15 bus
これが答えになる理由
The 8:15 bus arrives at 8:40, before 9:00. The 8:45 bus arrives at 9:10, too late.
答え
D · The 8:15 bus
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: C · Brief but complete
これが答えになる理由
Concise means giving a lot of information clearly in few words.
答え
C · Brief but complete
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · A cancer of the blood-forming tissues
これが答えになる理由
Leukaemia (US: leukemia) is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood in which abnormal white blood cells are produced.
答え
B · A cancer of the blood-forming tissues
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · more carefully
これが答えになる理由
“Carefully” is an adverb describing “drives”. Adverbs ending in -ly form the comparative with “more”.
答え
D · more carefully
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: C · Whoever arrives first should unlock the door.
これが答えになる理由
“Whoever” is the subject of the clause “whoever arrives first”. “Whomever” is the object form.
答え: B · DNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
これが答えになる理由
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end. One strand (leading) is made continuously towards the fork, and the other (lagging) is made in short fragments that ligase later joins together.
答え
B · DNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: A · It increases
これが答えになる理由
Each step down a group adds another electron shell, so the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and the atoms get larger.
答え
A · It increases
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: B · Low O₂ in tissues shifts it to the left, releasing oxygen
これが答えになる理由
In the lungs, high O₂ pushes the equilibrium right, loading haemoglobin. In active tissues O₂ is low, so the equilibrium shifts left and HbO₂ releases its oxygen.
答え
B · Low O₂ in tissues shifts it to the left, releasing oxygen