感染管理と患者の安全:直前対策パック

公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、6 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。

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1公式と解法

感染管理と患者の安全

解き方

  1. すべての患者に標準予防策から始めます:手指衛生、予想される曝露に応じた個人防護具(PPE)、安全な鋭利器材の扱い。
  2. 経路に応じて予防策を追加します:接触(ガウン、手袋)、飛沫(サージカルマスク)、空気(N95、陰圧室)。
  3. 滅菌物は滅菌のまま保ちます:疑わしければ滅菌ではありません。拭かずに交換します。
  4. 環境内の害を防ぎます:転倒対策、身体拘束は最後の手段、火災には RACE と PASS。
  5. 与薬の権利、2つの識別子、ハイリスク薬の追加の安全対策を確認し、エラーやヒヤリハットを報告します。

2演習問題

1.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう

Which information must be documented when a patient is restrained?

  1. AOnly whether the family agreed to the restraint
  2. BOnly the name of the nurse who applied it and the unit where it happened
  3. COnly the time the restraint was put on and the time it was taken off
  4. DThe reason, alternatives tried, type of restraint, times and regular assessments
2.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい

A patient was harmed by a medication error and asks the nurse what happened. Which approach is best?

  1. ATell the patient nothing happened to avoid worry
  2. BBlame the pharmacy for the error so that the nurse and the ward are not at fault
  3. CTell the patient to make a formal complaint to find out
  4. DBe honest that an error occurred and involve the provider and team in disclosure per policy
3.基礎看護学ふつう

What is the correct order of techniques when assessing the abdomen?

  1. AInspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
  2. BAuscultation, palpation, inspection, percussion
  3. CPalpation, inspection, auscultation, percussion
  4. DInspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
4.基礎看護学むずかしい

How should a urine sample be taken from a patient with a urinary catheter?

  1. ABy disconnecting the catheter from the bag
  2. BFrom the sampling port, using aseptic technique
  3. CFrom the drainage bag tap
  4. DBy removing the catheter and collecting the next void
5.微生物学ふつう

進行した HIV 感染者に起こる Pneumocystis jirovecii 肺炎は何の例ですか?

  1. Aベクター媒介感染症
  2. B食品媒介感染症
  3. C人獣共通感染症
  4. D日和見感染症
6.微生物学むずかしい

抗生物質の最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)とは?

  1. A試験管内で細菌の接種量の 99.9% を殺す最も低い濃度
  2. B試験管内で目に見える細菌の増殖を防ぐ最も低い濃度
  3. C副作用が出始める血漿中濃度
  4. D患者が耐えられる最も高い用量

3溶液

1.感染管理と患者の安全

答え: D · The reason, alternatives tried, type of restraint, times and regular assessments

これが答えになる理由

Restraint documentation includes the behavior that made it necessary, less restrictive measures tried, the order, the type used, the times applied and released, and ongoing checks of circulation, skin, needs and mental state.

答え

D · The reason, alternatives tried, type of restraint, times and regular assessments
2.感染管理と患者の安全

答え: D · Be honest that an error occurred and involve the provider and team in disclosure per policy

これが答えになる理由

Open, honest disclosure of errors is an ethical duty and part of a safety culture. The nurse follows policy, which usually involves the provider and risk team, and does not hide or blame.

答え

D · Be honest that an error occurred and involve the provider and team in disclosure per policy
3.基礎看護学

答え: A · Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

これが答えになる理由

In the abdomen the nurse listens before touching, because percussion and palpation can change bowel sounds. In other body systems palpation and percussion come before auscultation.

答え

A · Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
4.基礎看護学

答え: B · From the sampling port, using aseptic technique

これが答えになる理由

Samples are taken from the needle-free sampling port after cleaning it. Urine in the bag is stale and contaminated, and breaking the system raises infection risk.

答え

B · From the sampling port, using aseptic technique
5.微生物学

答え: D · 日和見感染症

これが答えになる理由

日和見感染症は弱った免疫系につけ込みます。HIV では CD4 数が低い水準に下がると多くなります。

答え

D · 日和見感染症
6.微生物学

答え: B · 試験管内で目に見える細菌の増殖を防ぐ最も低い濃度

これが答えになる理由

MIC は目に見える増殖を抑える最も低い濃度です。最小殺菌濃度(MBC)は細菌の 99.9% を殺す最も低い濃度です。

答え

B · 試験管内で目に見える細菌の増殖を防ぐ最も低い濃度

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