公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、6 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。
A patient cannot bear weight and cannot help with transfers. Which method is safest to move the patient from bed to chair?
Several patients on a ward develop vomiting and diarrhea within two days, and a norovirus outbreak is suspected. What should the nurse do first?
At what angle is an intramuscular injection given?
What is the best way to check that a patient has learned to use an inhaler correctly?
百日咳を起こす細菌はどれですか？
グラム陽性球菌が見つかりました。ブドウ球菌とレンサ球菌をすばやく区別する検査はどれですか？
答え: A · A mechanical lift used by enough trained staff
For a patient who cannot bear weight or help, a mechanical lift prevents injury to both patient and staff. Lifting under the arms can injure the shoulders, and pivot transfers need weight bearing.
答え: D · Notify the infection prevention team and place affected patients on contact precautions
Early reporting lets infection prevention organize testing, cohorting, closing of the ward if needed, cleaning with suitable agents and soap-and-water hand hygiene. Moving patients around can spread the outbreak.
答え: D · 90 degrees
Intramuscular injections are given at 90 degrees so the needle passes through the skin and fat into the muscle. Intradermal injections use about 10–15 degrees.
答え: D · Ask the patient to show how they use it
A return demonstration shows whether a psychomotor skill has been learned and lets the nurse correct mistakes. Saying "yes, I understand" does not prove the technique is right.
答え: C · Bordetella pertussis
Bordetella pertussis は「ヒュー」という音を伴う長い咳の発作を起こします。幼い赤ちゃんで最も危険なため、多くの国で妊娠中の接種が勧められています。
答え: D · カタラーゼ試験
ブドウ球菌はカタラーゼを作り、過酸化水素を水と酸素の泡に分解しますが、レンサ球菌は作りません。その後、ブドウ球菌の中から S. aureus を同定するのにコアグラーゼ試験を使います。
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