公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、6 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。
Before inserting a peripheral IV, the nurse cleans the skin with chlorhexidine-alcohol. What should the nurse do next?
A nurse has worked three long shifts in a row and feels exhausted. The manager asks the nurse to stay for another shift. What is the most appropriate response?
When cleaning a surgical incision, in which direction should the nurse clean?
Which sign is usually a late sign of hypoxia?
百日咳を起こす細菌はどれですか？
1840 年代、イグナーツ・ゼンメルワイスはウィーンの産科病院で産褥熱による死亡を減らしました。彼は何を導入しましたか？
答え: D · Let it dry fully and do not touch the site again
Chlorhexidine-alcohol must dry completely to kill organisms effectively. Touching the site after cleaning contaminates it, so the vein is located before prepping or with a sterile glove.
答え: B · Explain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
Long hours and fatigue increase errors and injuries. Nurses have a professional responsibility to judge whether they are fit to work safely and to say so clearly.
答え: A · From the incision outwards, using a new swab for each stroke
The incision is the cleanest area, so cleaning moves from it outwards. Using a fresh swab each time avoids bringing skin bacteria back into the wound.
答え: B · Cyanosis
Early hypoxia causes restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia and tachypnoea as the body compensates. Cyanosis appears late, when a lot of haemoglobin is already deoxygenated, so nurses should not wait for it.
答え: C · Bordetella pertussis
Bordetella pertussis は「ヒュー」という音を伴う長い咳の発作を起こします。幼い赤ちゃんで最も危険なため、多くの国で妊娠中の接種が勧められています。
答え: B · 女性を診察する前のさらし粉（塩素化石灰）による手洗い
ゼンメルワイスは、解剖も行う医師が担当する病棟で死亡率が高いことに気づきました。さらし粉による手指消毒で死亡は大きく減りました。病原菌説が受け入れられるずっと前のことです。
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