公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、6 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。
A patient in bed has a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. What should the nurse do?
A patient on contact precautions for MRSA has become withdrawn and says, “Everyone avoids me.” What is the best nursing action?
A patient refuses their regular evening tablets. What should the nurse do first?
During medicines reconciliation, the patient says they take an anticoagulant at home, but it has not been prescribed in hospital. What should the nurse do?
胃潰瘍の最も多い原因となる細菌は？
尿検体から、マッコンキー寒天培地にピンク色のコロニーが生えました。これから何がわかりますか？
答え: B · Turn the patient on their side and protect them from injury without restraining
The nurse stays with the patient, turns them to the side to keep the airway clear, moves hard objects away and times the seizure. Objects in the mouth and restraint can cause injury.
答え: D · Explain why the precautions are needed and plan regular, unhurried time in the room
Isolation can cause loneliness, anxiety and depression, and patients in isolation may get less contact with staff. The nurse explains the reason for the precautions, spends planned time with the patient and supports visits from people who follow the precautions.
答え: A · Explore the reason for refusing
Patients with capacity may refuse medicines. The nurse explores why, for example side effects or misunderstanding, gives information, documents the refusal and informs the prescriber if needed.
答え: D · Inform the prescriber so the omission can be reviewed
Unexplained differences between home and hospital medicines are reported to the prescriber. Missed anticoagulants can cause clots, and some omissions are deliberate, for example before surgery.
答え: D · Helicobacter pylori
ピロリ菌は胃粘膜に定着し、ウレアーゼを作って局所的に酸を中和します。消化性潰瘍の大部分の原因で、抗菌薬と PPI で治療します。
答え: B · その生物はおそらく乳糖を発酵するグラム陰性桿菌である
マッコンキー寒天培地は、グラム陽性菌を抑える胆汁酸塩とクリスタルバイオレット（選択性）、乳糖と pH 指示薬（鑑別性）を含みます。E. coli のような乳糖発酵菌は酸を作ってピンク色になります。
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/infection-control-and-patient-safety