1公式と解法
感染管理と患者の安全
解き方
- すべての患者に標準予防策から始めます:手指衛生、予想される曝露に応じた個人防護具(PPE)、安全な鋭利器材の扱い。
- 経路に応じて予防策を追加します:接触(ガウン、手袋)、飛沫(サージカルマスク)、空気(N95、陰圧室)。
- 滅菌物は滅菌のまま保ちます:疑わしければ滅菌ではありません。拭かずに交換します。
- 環境内の害を防ぎます:転倒対策、身体拘束は最後の手段、火災には RACE と PASS。
- 与薬の権利、2つの識別子、ハイリスク薬の追加の安全対策を確認し、エラーやヒヤリハットを報告します。
2演習問題
1.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Which room lighting is safest at night for a patient at high risk of falls?
- AComplete darkness so the patient sleeps more deeply
- BA low night light that lights the path to the bathroom
- COnly the light from the television screen
- DBright overhead lights left on all night in the room
2.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient who speaks little English is being discharged with new medications. The patient’s 12-year-old child offers to interpret. What should the nurse do?
- AUse simple English and many hand gestures
- BUse a professional medical interpreter
- CGive written instructions in English only
- DLet the child interpret, because the family prefers it
3.基礎看護学ふつう
Why might a nurse use silence during a conversation with a patient?
- AIt ends the conversation politely
- BIt gives the patient time to think and say more
- CIt shows the patient that the nurse is busy and wants to move on
- DIt lets the nurse plan the next task
4.基礎看護学むずかしい
In an emergency a doctor gives a verbal order for a medicine. What should the nurse do?
- AGive it and tell the doctor nothing more
- BWrite it down, read it back and make sure it is signed later as per policy
- CAsk another nurse to remember the order
- DRefuse to give any medicine until a written prescription has been completed
5.微生物学ふつう
MRSA がメチシリンに耐性なのは、何を持っているからですか?
- A変化したペニシリン結合タンパク質(PBP2a)
- Bすべての抗生物質に対する排出ポンプ
- Cすべてのβ-ラクタムの侵入を防ぐ多糖類の莢膜
- D細胞壁がまったくない
6.微生物学むずかしい
主に汚染された食べ物や水を介してうつる肝炎ウイルスはどれですか?
- AA 型肝炎と E 型肝炎
- BC 型肝炎と E 型肝炎
- CB 型肝炎と C 型肝炎
- DB 型肝炎と D 型肝炎
3溶液
1.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · A low night light that lights the path to the bathroom
これが答えになる理由
A night light lets the patient see obstacles and the way to the bathroom without disturbing sleep. Many falls happen in the dark on the way to the toilet.
B · A low night light that lights the path to the bathroom
2.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Use a professional medical interpreter
これが答えになる理由
Professional medical interpreters reduce errors and protect privacy. Children and other family members may translate wrongly, leave things out or be placed in a difficult position.
B · Use a professional medical interpreter
3.基礎看護学
答え: B · It gives the patient time to think and say more
これが答えになる理由
Therapeutic silence gives the patient space to gather their thoughts and express feelings, especially about difficult topics. It is used with attentive body language.
B · It gives the patient time to think and say more
4.基礎看護学
答え: B · Write it down, read it back and make sure it is signed later as per policy
これが答えになる理由
Verbal orders are used only where local policy allows, such as emergencies. Reading back the drug, dose and route confirms the order, and it is documented and signed as soon as possible.
B · Write it down, read it back and make sure it is signed later as per policy
5.微生物学
答え: A · 変化したペニシリン結合タンパク質(PBP2a)
これが答えになる理由
mecA 遺伝子は β-ラクタム系への親和性が低い PBP2a をコードしているため、メチシリンがあっても細菌は細胞壁を作り続けられます。
A · 変化したペニシリン結合タンパク質(PBP2a)
6.微生物学
答え: A · A 型肝炎と E 型肝炎
これが答えになる理由
A 型と E 型肝炎は糞口感染します。B 型、C 型、D 型は血液や体液を介してうつり、慢性化することがあります。