内科外科看護：直前対策パック

A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?

1. AKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
2. BAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life
3. CAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables
4. DTake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely

A patient on three blood pressure drugs still has high readings at every visit. What should the nurse check first?

1. AWhether the patient is taking the medicines as prescribed
2. BWhether a fourth drug can be added at today's appointment
3. CWhether the patient needs surgery on the renal arteries
4. DWhether the readings should be ignored

A patient with severe vomiting and diarrhoea takes ramipril, furosemide and metformin. Which advice is correct?

1. ADouble the furosemide to prevent fluid retention
2. BPause these medicines until eating and drinking again
3. CAdd ibuprofen to treat the abdominal cramps
4. DKeep taking everything as normal and drink less

A patient on insulin has worsening chronic kidney disease and is having more hypos. What is the best explanation?

1. AKidney disease makes the body resistant to insulin
2. BKidney disease makes the meter read too low
3. CThe kidneys clear less insulin, so it lasts longer
4. DThe patient is eating far more carbohydrate than before

Which instruction is important during bowel preparation for colonoscopy?

1. ATake the preparation only if the bowels have not opened
2. BEat a high-fibre meal the evening before the test
3. CAvoid all fluids for 24 hours before the test
4. DDrink plenty of clear fluids while taking the preparation

A patient with a toe ulcer says the leg pain is worse at night and eases when they hang the leg over the side of the bed. What does this suggest?

1. ANeuropathic itching
2. BVenous insufficiency
3. CArterial insufficiency
4. DLymphoedema

HbA1c は何を測りますか？

1. A検査した瞬間の血糖
2. B食後のインスリン濃度
3. C過去およそ 2～3 か月の平均血糖
4. D尿中のケトンの量

An older patient's blood pressure is 142/80 mmHg lying and 116/72 mmHg after standing for three minutes, and they feel dizzy. What does this show?

1. APostural hypotension
2. BWhite coat hypertension
3. CNormal blood pressure variation
4. DHypertensive emergency

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
2. BA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
3. CGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
4. DOrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth

A patient has a hemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL (112 g/L), an MCV of 64 fL, a normal ferritin and a normal-to-high red cell count. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThalassemia trait
2. BAcute blood loss
3. CIron deficiency
4. DVitamin B₁₂ deficiency

練習用の血液ガスは、HCO₃⁻ 8 mmol/L の代謝性アシドーシスを示しています。ウィンターの式を使って、期待される PaCO₂（範囲の中心）を mmHg で求めてください。

練習用の血液ガスは代謝性アシドーシスを示しています：pH は 7.26、PaCO₂ は 23 mmHg (3.1 kPa)、HCO₃⁻ は 10 mmol/L です。測定した PaCO₂ をウィンターの式と比べてください。あなたの解釈をクリックしてください。

1. 1適切な代償
2. 2呼吸性アシドーシスの合併
3. 3呼吸性アルカローシスの合併

このII誘導のストリップは、固定した伝導比の心房粗動を示しています。心室レート（拍/分）を求めてください。

このII誘導のストリップは、心房と心室の間の伝導の問題を示しています。どのリズムですか。答えをクリックしてください。

1. 1第2度房室ブロック II型
2. 2第3度（完全）房室ブロック
3. 3接合部調律
4. 4第1度房室ブロック

看護師が看護助手に機械式リフトの使用を頼みましたが、助手はその使い方の訓練を受けたことがないと言います。看護師がそれでも求めたら、違反となる委任の正しさはどれですか？

1. A正しい指示とコミュニケーション
2. B正しい人
3. C正しい業務
4. D正しい監督と評価

A patient at 36 weeks of pregnancy has sudden severe abdominal pain, a hard, board-like uterus and dark vaginal bleeding. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal labor contractions starting
2. BPlacental abruption, which is an emergency
3. CPlacenta previa, which is usually painless
4. DA urinary tract infection