A patient’s urinary catheter has drained no urine for two hours, and the lower abdomen is swollen. What should the nurse do first?
AGive a prescribed diuretic straight away
BEncourage the patient to drink more water
CCheck the tubing for kinks or obstruction
DRemove the catheter and wait for the patient to void
16.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient has a wrist restraint. The nurse finds the fingers on that hand pale, cool and tingling. What should the nurse do first?
ATighten the restraint so the patient moves less
BDocument the finding and continue with the medication round
CLoosen the restraint and assess the circulation
DRaise the arm on a pillow and check again in two hours
3溶液
1.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · The left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
これが答えになる理由
A narrowed mitral valve raises pressure in the left atrium, which dilates. A stretched atrium is prone to atrial fibrillation, and blood stasis there carries a high risk of clots and stroke. Anticoagulation is therefore essential in mitral stenosis with AF.
答え
C · The left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
2.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Tube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
これが答えになる理由
A sudden loss of the capnography trace means no CO₂ is being detected: the tube may be dislodged, disconnected or blocked, or there may be cardiac arrest. The nurse checks the patient and circuit immediately, hand-ventilates if needed and calls for help.
答え
C · Tube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
3.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Alcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
これが答えになる理由
Alcohol reduces the liver's release of glucose, so it increases the risk of hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed for many hours. Patients should eat carbohydrate, check glucose before bed and tell friends that a hypo can look like drunkenness.
答え
B · Alcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
答え: C · Stop and confirm identity, then apply a band
これが答えになる理由
Correct identification before anaesthesia prevents wrong-patient surgery. The process stops until identity is confirmed with the patient and records and a band is applied, following the checklist.
答え
C · Stop and confirm identity, then apply a band
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Respiratory alkalosis from a low PaCO2
これが答えになる理由
Hyperventilation blows off CO2, raising the pH. Symptoms can include tingling of the lips and fingers and lightheadedness.
答え
A · Respiratory alkalosis from a low PaCO2
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · "If I get a temperature, I'll take paracetamol and wait until my next clinic."
これが答えになる理由
A fever after chemotherapy may be neutropenic sepsis, which needs urgent assessment and antibiotics. Patients should call the oncology helpline straight away rather than masking the fever with paracetamol (acetaminophen).
答え
D · "If I get a temperature, I'll take paracetamol and wait until my next clinic."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · About every hour
これが答えになる理由
IV insulin acts quickly and has a short half-life, so glucose is usually checked hourly (or as the protocol specifies) and the rate adjusted. This reduces the risk of hypoglycemia and keeps glucose in the target range.
Sudden lack of drainage with a full bladder usually means a kinked or blocked catheter. The nurse checks the tubing and position first, then follows the policy for irrigation or replacement.
答え
C · Check the tubing for kinks or obstruction
16.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Loosen the restraint and assess the circulation
これが答えになる理由
Pale, cool fingers with tingling suggest that the restraint is too tight and blood flow is reduced. The nurse releases it at once, assesses the hand and reviews whether the restraint is still needed.
答え
C · Loosen the restraint and assess the circulation