A patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome has weakness that is spreading up from the legs. Which assessment has the highest priority?
ASkin condition over the heels
BMuscle strength in the feet and ankles at the start of each morning
CThe patient’s mood and coping
DBreathing strength, such as vital capacity and the ability to cough
3溶液
1.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Avoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
これが答えになる理由
After axillary node removal, the arm's lymph drainage is reduced. Patients are advised to protect the skin, treat cuts promptly, avoid tight items and, where possible, avoid BP measurements, cannulation and injections on that arm. Gentle exercise helps lymph flow.
答え
B · Avoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
2.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Unstable angina
これが答えになる理由
Unstable angina is new, worsening or rest angina without a troponin rise. It is an acute coronary syndrome and is managed urgently because it can progress to infarction. Stable angina is predictable and exertional. NSTEMI has a rising troponin.
答え
B · Unstable angina
3.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Use glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
これが答えになる理由
Non-drug measures are the mainstay of delirium care: glasses and hearing aids, clocks and calendars, familiar faces, good sleep, hydration, mobility and treating the cause. Restraints and frequent moves make delirium worse.
答え
C · Use glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
4.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · To reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
これが答えになる理由
In frail older adults, tight control brings little long-term benefit and a high risk of hypoglycaemia, which can cause falls, fractures and confusion. Targets are individualised to balance safety and quality of life.
答え
D · To reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
PPIs suppress H. pylori and can give false-negative breath or stool tests, so they are usually stopped 2 weeks before. Antibiotics are usually stopped 4 weeks before testing.
答え
A · Omeprazole
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Spare tracheostomy tubes, including one a size smaller, and working suction
これが答えになる理由
Emergency equipment such as spare tubes (same size and one smaller), suction, oxygen and tracheal dilators must be at the bedside. This allows rapid management of a blocked or displaced tube.
答え
A · Spare tracheostomy tubes, including one a size smaller, and working suction
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · ヘパリン起因性血小板減少症
これが答えになる理由
HIT は通常ヘパリン開始 5~10 日後に起こり、血小板が 50% 以上低下して血栓のリスクがあります。ヘパリンを中止し、ヘパリン以外の抗凝固薬を使います。
答え
A · ヘパリン起因性血小板減少症
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Crackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
これが答えになる理由
TACO is fluid overload, often in older adults or those with heart or kidney disease. It causes dyspnea, crackles, hypertension, distended neck veins and a raised BNP. The transfusion is stopped, the patient is sat up and diuretics may be prescribed.
答え: D · Breathing strength, such as vital capacity and the ability to cough
これが答えになる理由
Guillain-Barré syndrome causes ascending weakness that can involve the respiratory muscles. Falling vital capacity or a weak cough can mean the patient needs ventilation, so breathing is monitored closely.
答え
D · Breathing strength, such as vital capacity and the ability to cough