精神看護学:直前対策パック

公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、6 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。

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1公式と解法

精神看護

解き方

  1. 差し迫ったリスクがあるかを判断します:自殺、暴力、薬物による緊急事態、身体疾患。
  2. まず安全を確保します:観察する、手段を取り除く、鎮静化(デエスカレーション)を図る、有害な薬を中止する、助けを呼ぶ。
  3. 治療的な応答を選びます:感情を受け止め、現実を伝え、根拠のない安心づけや「なぜ」という質問は避けます。
  4. 権利を尊重します:最も制限の少ない方法、同意、そして限界のある守秘義務。

2演習問題

1.精神看護ふつう

Which approach is most effective when setting limits with a patient who repeatedly breaks ward rules?

  1. AChange the rules for this patient to avoid conflict
  2. BGive a long explanation each time the rule is broken and allow the patient to negotiate a new consequence
  3. CLet each nurse decide on the day whether to apply the rules
  4. DState the rule and the consequence clearly, and make sure all staff apply it consistently
2.精神看護むずかしい

A nurse is teaching a patient who has started haloperidol for schizophrenia. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

  1. A"I'll avoid alcohol while I'm taking this medicine."
  2. B"I should tell the nurse if my neck or jaw muscles feel stiff."
  3. C"I should get up slowly if I feel dizzy."
  4. D"I can stop taking it as soon as the voices go away."
3.臨床心理学ふつう

ある人は、パニックになったときに逃げるのが難しいかもしれないという理由で、バス、店、屋外の駐車場、行列を避けています。最も当てはまる診断はどれですか?

  1. A全般不安症
  2. B限局性恐怖症としての閉所恐怖
  3. C社交不安症
  4. D広場恐怖症
4.臨床心理学むずかしい

統合失調症の患者が不自然な姿勢のまま何時間も動かず、動かそうとすると抵抗します。これはどの症状群を表していますか?

  1. A考想伝播
  2. B思考の貧困
  3. C緊張病(カタトニア)
  4. D遅発性ジスキネジア
5.薬理学ふつう

A patient is starting olanzapine. Which monitoring is most important over the following months?

  1. APeak expiratory flow
  2. BWeight, blood glucose and blood lipids
  3. CHearing tests and vision tests every month
  4. DINR and platelet count
6.薬理学むずかしい

Lithium taken in the first trimester of pregnancy has been linked to which type of birth defect?

  1. ALimb defects similar to thalidomide
  2. BNeural tube defects such as spina bifida
  3. CCleft lip and palate only
  4. DHeart malformations, such as Ebstein's anomaly

3溶液

1.精神看護

答え: D · State the rule and the consequence clearly, and make sure all staff apply it consistently

これが答えになる理由

Effective limit setting is clear, calm and consistent across the whole team. The behaviour expected and the consequence are stated in advance and applied without anger or punishment.

答え

D · State the rule and the consequence clearly, and make sure all staff apply it consistently
2.精神看護

答え: D · "I can stop taking it as soon as the voices go away."

これが答えになる理由

Antipsychotics are continued after symptoms improve, because stopping them early is a major cause of relapse. Any change should be discussed with the prescriber.

答え

D · "I can stop taking it as soon as the voices go away."
3.臨床心理学

答え: D · 広場恐怖症

これが答えになる理由

広場恐怖症は、逃げることや助けを得ることが難しいかもしれないという理由で、少なくとも 2 つの状況(公共交通機関、広い場所、囲まれた場所、群衆や行列、1 人での外出)を恐れるものです。

答え

D · 広場恐怖症
4.臨床心理学

答え: C · 緊張病(カタトニア)

これが答えになる理由

緊張病の特徴には、昏迷、姿勢保持、ろう屈症、無言症、拒絶症が含まれます。DSM-5 では、緊張病は統合失調症、気分障害、身体疾患に伴って起こりえます。

答え

C · 緊張病(カタトニア)
5.薬理学

答え: B · Weight, blood glucose and blood lipids

これが答えになる理由

Olanzapine and several other atypical antipsychotics cause weight gain, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Weight, waist size, glucose and lipids are checked regularly.

答え

B · Weight, blood glucose and blood lipids
6.薬理学

答え: D · Heart malformations, such as Ebstein's anomaly

これが答えになる理由

First-trimester lithium is associated with a small increased risk of cardiac malformations, classically Ebstein's anomaly. Women of childbearing age need counselling and specialist planning before pregnancy.

答え

D · Heart malformations, such as Ebstein's anomaly

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