精神看護学:直前対策パック

公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、6 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。

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1公式と解法

精神看護

解き方

  1. 差し迫ったリスクがあるかを判断します:自殺、暴力、薬物による緊急事態、身体疾患。
  2. まず安全を確保します:観察する、手段を取り除く、鎮静化(デエスカレーション)を図る、有害な薬を中止する、助けを呼ぶ。
  3. 治療的な応答を選びます:感情を受け止め、現実を伝え、根拠のない安心づけや「なぜ」という質問は避けます。
  4. 権利を尊重します:最も制限の少ない方法、同意、そして限界のある守秘義務。

2演習問題

1.精神看護ふつう

Which findings suggest recent cannabis use?

  1. ADilated pupils, high fever and severe muscle rigidity
  2. BSlow heart rate, constricted pupils, drooling and watery eyes
  3. CPinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness
  4. DRed eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth and a fast heart rate
2.精神看護むずかしい

A nurse notices that a colleague smells of alcohol, has slurred speech and is about to give medicines. What should the nurse do?

  1. AReport the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
  2. BSay nothing, because it is not her responsibility
  3. CWait until the end of the shift, then talk privately with the colleague
  4. DGive the colleague some strong coffee and let her continue with the medicine round if she says she feels fine
3.臨床心理学ふつう

ある人は鼻の小さなしみが醜いと毎日何時間も悩み、絶えず鏡を確認していますが、他の人には何もおかしな点が見えません。当てはまる診断はどれですか?

  1. A醜形恐怖症(身体醜形障害)
  2. B社交不安症
  3. C神経性やせ症
  4. D病気不安症
4.臨床心理学むずかしい

統合失調症の患者が不自然な姿勢のまま何時間も動かず、動かそうとすると抵抗します。これはどの症状群を表していますか?

  1. A思考の貧困
  2. B緊張病(カタトニア)
  3. C考想伝播
  4. D遅発性ジスキネジア
5.薬理学ふつう

How can the absorption of oral iron be improved?

  1. ATake it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach
  2. BTake it with a glass of milk
  3. CTake it with a cup of strong tea
  4. DTake it at the same time as an antacid to protect the stomach
6.薬理学むずかしい

A patient with asthma starts timolol eye drops for glaucoma and soon becomes wheezy. What is the most likely explanation?

  1. ATimolol activates histamine receptors in the lungs
  2. BThe eye drops contain an allergen that causes hay fever and asthma
  3. CTimolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways
  4. DThe wheeze is unrelated to the eye drops

3溶液

1.精神看護

答え: D · Red eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth and a fast heart rate

これが答えになる理由

Cannabis intoxication typically causes conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia, impaired coordination and altered perception of time. High doses can cause anxiety or psychosis.

答え

D · Red eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth and a fast heart rate
2.精神看護

答え: A · Report the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients

これが答えになる理由

An impaired nurse is a risk to patients. The concern is reported at once through the proper channel so the colleague can be removed from patient care and offered support through the organisation's procedures.

答え

A · Report the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
3.臨床心理学

答え: A · 醜形恐怖症(身体醜形障害)

これが答えになる理由

醜形恐怖症は、わずかであるか観察できない外見上の欠点へのとらわれで、鏡の確認や保証を求めるといった反復行動を伴います。

答え

A · 醜形恐怖症(身体醜形障害)
4.臨床心理学

答え: B · 緊張病(カタトニア)

これが答えになる理由

緊張病の特徴には、昏迷、姿勢保持、ろう屈症、無言症、拒絶症が含まれます。DSM-5 では、緊張病は統合失調症、気分障害、身体疾患に伴って起こりえます。

答え

B · 緊張病(カタトニア)
5.薬理学

答え: A · Take it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach

これが答えになる理由

Vitamin C keeps iron in its more absorbable ferrous form. Milk, antacids, tea and some antibiotics reduce iron absorption. If the stomach becomes upset, it may be taken with food, accepting lower absorption.

答え

A · Take it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach
6.薬理学

答え: C · Timolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways

これが答えになる理由

Ophthalmic timolol is a non-selective beta blocker and can reach the circulation in amounts that cause bronchospasm or bradycardia. It is generally avoided in asthma.

答え

C · Timolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways

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