精神看護
解き方
- 差し迫ったリスクがあるかを判断します:自殺、暴力、薬物による緊急事態、身体疾患。
- まず安全を確保します:観察する、手段を取り除く、鎮静化(デエスカレーション)を図る、有害な薬を中止する、助けを呼ぶ。
- 治療的な応答を選びます:感情を受け止め、現実を伝え、根拠のない安心づけや「なぜ」という質問は避けます。
- 権利を尊重します:最も制限の少ない方法、同意、そして限界のある守秘義務。
公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、6 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。
A woman calls the emergency department after a sexual assault an hour ago. What advice helps to preserve forensic evidence?
An 8-year-old with separation anxiety disorder has missed two weeks of school. What is the most helpful approach?
クロザピンが通常、治療抵抗性統合失調症に限って用いられるのはなぜですか?
統合失調症の患者が不自然な姿勢のまま何時間も動かず、動かそうとすると抵抗します。これはどの症状群を表していますか?
Which statement about allopurinol is correct?
A patient who has taken lorazepam daily for many months stops it suddenly. Which serious complication may follow?
答え: D · Avoid showering or changing clothes, and bring any clothing already removed in a paper bag
Not washing, changing or eating where possible helps keep evidence. Paper bags are used because plastic traps moisture and can degrade biological evidence. Her medical needs and choices remain the priority.
答え: C · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
Long-term avoidance strengthens anxiety. A gradual, planned return, short and predictable goodbyes, praise for brave behaviour and cooperation between parents and school, often with CBT, help the child cope.
答え: A · 無顆粒球症を起こすことがあり、定期的な血液検査が必要なため
クロザピンは他の抗精神病薬が効かないときに有効ですが、好中球の危険な減少を起こすことがあるため、患者は定期的な血液検査を受ける必要があります。
答え: C · 緊張病(カタトニア)
緊張病の特徴には、昏迷、姿勢保持、ろう屈症、無言症、拒絶症が含まれます。DSM-5 では、緊張病は統合失調症、気分障害、身体疾患に伴って起こりえます。
答え: C · It lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
Allopurinol reduces urate production and is taken daily to prevent attacks. Acute attacks are treated with NSAIDs, colchicine or corticosteroids, and a new rash on allopurinol must be reported.
答え: B · Withdrawal seizures
Abrupt withdrawal after long-term benzodiazepine use causes anxiety, insomnia, tremor and sometimes seizures. Long-term users should have the dose tapered gradually.
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