精神看護学:直前対策パック

公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、6 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。

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1公式と解法

精神看護

解き方

  1. 差し迫ったリスクがあるかを判断します:自殺、暴力、薬物による緊急事態、身体疾患。
  2. まず安全を確保します:観察する、手段を取り除く、鎮静化(デエスカレーション)を図る、有害な薬を中止する、助けを呼ぶ。
  3. 治療的な応答を選びます:感情を受け止め、現実を伝え、根拠のない安心づけや「なぜ」という質問は避けます。
  4. 権利を尊重します:最も制限の少ない方法、同意、そして限界のある守秘義務。

2演習問題

1.精神看護ふつう

A woman calls the emergency department after a sexual assault an hour ago. What advice helps to preserve forensic evidence?

  1. AWait a few days at home until she feels ready to talk before seeking any medical care or forensic examination
  2. BShower and wash her clothes before coming in, so she feels cleaner
  3. CPut all clothing in a sealed plastic bag
  4. DAvoid showering or changing clothes, and bring any clothing already removed in a paper bag
2.精神看護むずかしい

An 8-year-old with separation anxiety disorder has missed two weeks of school. What is the most helpful approach?

  1. ALet a parent stay with him in class every day for the rest of the year
  2. BAllow him to stay at home until he wants to go back
  3. CSupport a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
  4. DTell him that he is being silly and must go
3.臨床心理学ふつう

クロザピンが通常、治療抵抗性統合失調症に限って用いられるのはなぜですか?

  1. A無顆粒球症を起こすことがあり、定期的な血液検査が必要なため
  2. B利用できる抗精神病薬の中で最も効果が低く、最後の手段であるため
  3. C陰性症状にしか効かないため
  4. D錠剤として服用できないため
4.臨床心理学むずかしい

統合失調症の患者が不自然な姿勢のまま何時間も動かず、動かそうとすると抵抗します。これはどの症状群を表していますか?

  1. A考想伝播
  2. B遅発性ジスキネジア
  3. C緊張病(カタトニア)
  4. D思考の貧困
5.薬理学ふつう

Which statement about allopurinol is correct?

  1. AIt increases uric acid production to flush out crystals
  2. BIt is taken only during an acute attack and stopped as soon as the pain settles
  3. CIt lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
  4. DIt works within an hour to relieve joint pain
6.薬理学むずかしい

A patient who has taken lorazepam daily for many months stops it suddenly. Which serious complication may follow?

  1. ASevere bradycardia
  2. BWithdrawal seizures
  3. CPinpoint pupils and coma
  4. DProfound respiratory depression

3溶液

1.精神看護

答え: D · Avoid showering or changing clothes, and bring any clothing already removed in a paper bag

これが答えになる理由

Not washing, changing or eating where possible helps keep evidence. Paper bags are used because plastic traps moisture and can degrade biological evidence. Her medical needs and choices remain the priority.

答え

D · Avoid showering or changing clothes, and bring any clothing already removed in a paper bag
2.精神看護

答え: C · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine

これが答えになる理由

Long-term avoidance strengthens anxiety. A gradual, planned return, short and predictable goodbyes, praise for brave behaviour and cooperation between parents and school, often with CBT, help the child cope.

答え

C · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
3.臨床心理学

答え: A · 無顆粒球症を起こすことがあり、定期的な血液検査が必要なため

これが答えになる理由

クロザピンは他の抗精神病薬が効かないときに有効ですが、好中球の危険な減少を起こすことがあるため、患者は定期的な血液検査を受ける必要があります。

答え

A · 無顆粒球症を起こすことがあり、定期的な血液検査が必要なため
4.臨床心理学

答え: C · 緊張病(カタトニア)

これが答えになる理由

緊張病の特徴には、昏迷、姿勢保持、ろう屈症、無言症、拒絶症が含まれます。DSM-5 では、緊張病は統合失調症、気分障害、身体疾患に伴って起こりえます。

答え

C · 緊張病(カタトニア)
5.薬理学

答え: C · It lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack

これが答えになる理由

Allopurinol reduces urate production and is taken daily to prevent attacks. Acute attacks are treated with NSAIDs, colchicine or corticosteroids, and a new rash on allopurinol must be reported.

答え

C · It lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
6.薬理学

答え: B · Withdrawal seizures

これが答えになる理由

Abrupt withdrawal after long-term benzodiazepine use causes anxiety, insomnia, tremor and sometimes seizures. Long-term users should have the dose tapered gradually.

答え

B · Withdrawal seizures

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