精神看護
解き方
- 差し迫ったリスクがあるかを判断します:自殺、暴力、薬物による緊急事態、身体疾患。
- まず安全を確保します:観察する、手段を取り除く、鎮静化(デエスカレーション)を図る、有害な薬を中止する、助けを呼ぶ。
- 治療的な応答を選びます:感情を受け止め、現実を伝え、根拠のない安心づけや「なぜ」という質問は避けます。
- 権利を尊重します:最も制限の少ない方法、同意、そして限界のある守秘義務。
公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、6 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。
An 86-year-old nursing home resident becomes acutely confused over two days. Which cause should be considered first?
A patient on suicide precautions asks for his razor to shave. What is the most appropriate response?
診断の信頼性とは何を指しますか?
統合失調症の一致率は、一卵性双生児のほうが二卵性双生児より高くなっています。これは何を示唆しますか?
Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?
During general anaesthesia with a volatile agent and suxamethonium (succinylcholine), a patient develops muscle rigidity, rising end-tidal CO2 and a fast-rising temperature. Which drug is the specific treatment?
答え: C · An infection such as a urinary tract infection, or a medicine side effect
Acute confusion in an older adult suggests delirium, which has an underlying cause. Common causes include infections, medicines (especially anticholinergics and sedatives), dehydration, hypoxia, pain and urinary retention.
答え: A · Follow policy, for example by supervising the shave or offering an electric razor
Patients at risk still need hygiene and dignity. Policies usually allow supervised use of sharps or safer alternatives, which balance safety with respect.
答え: C · 異なる臨床家が同じ患者に同じ診断を下すかどうか
信頼性は、臨床家の間や時間を通じた診断の一貫性です。妥当性は、診断が実在する意味のあるカテゴリーを反映しているかどうかです。
答え: C · 遺伝子はリスクに寄与するが、環境も重要である
一卵性の一致率が二卵性より高いことは遺伝の寄与を示し、一致率が 100% を大きく下回ることは環境要因も重要であることを意味します。
答え: C · Vasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
Vasoconstriction without adequate volume reduces organ blood flow and can cause ischaemia. Fluid resuscitation restores preload, and vasopressors are then used for persistent hypotension.
答え: D · Dantrolene
Malignant hyperthermia is caused by uncontrolled calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dantrolene blocks this release, and the triggering agents are stopped at once.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing