AThe pulse oximeter rate is compared with the blood pressure reading
BTwo nurses count the apical and radial pulse at the same time for one minute
COne nurse counts the apical pulse for 15 seconds and multiplies by four
DOne nurse counts the radial pulse twice and compares the two counts
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient with capacity tells the nurse they do not want the operation their family keeps pushing for. What is the nurse's best action?
ASay nothing to avoid a conflict with the family
BTell the patient to follow the family's advice
CLet the family decide, as they know the patient best
DSupport the patient to tell the team their wishes
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Which toy is safest for a toddler?
AA bag of marbles to sort by color
BA toy with small magnets that come out easily
CA balloon to play with when an adult is out of the room
DA large toy with no small parts that can come off
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A woman in late pregnancy is choking and cannot speak or cough. Which technique should the rescuer use?
AAbdominal thrusts
BBlind finger sweeps
CChest thrusts
DBack blows only
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
病棟での心停止で、患者に反応がなく正常な呼吸がないことを確認したあと、最初に行う行動はどれですか?
A応援を呼ぶ前に、蘇生の方針を確認するために患者の記録を探す
B血圧を測定する
C人工呼吸を 2 回行い、その後 1 分間脈拍を確認する
D応援を呼び、胸骨圧迫を開始する
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient on a cardiac monitor suddenly becomes unresponsive, and the monitor shows ventricular fibrillation. What is the priority once help has been called?
AGive an oral antiarrhythmic tablet and recheck the rhythm in five minutes
BRecord a full 12-lead ECG to confirm the rhythm before doing anything else at all
CDefibrillate as soon as the defibrillator is available, with CPR until then
DCheck the blood potassium level before any shock is considered
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with leukaemia has a very low platelet count. Which nursing precaution is appropriate?
AUse a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
BEncourage contact sports to keep fit
CGive medicines by intramuscular injection
DTake temperatures rectally
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Why is a patient kept under observation for several hours after successful treatment of anaphylaxis?
ASymptoms can return later in a biphasic reaction
BAntihistamines cause dangerous drowsiness for 24 hours
CThe patient must stay until all allergy tests are complete
DAdrenaline always causes a heart attack hours later
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
患者の絶対好中球数が 0.4 × 10³/µL です。適切な対応はどれですか?
A測定値がより正確なので、直腸で体温を測定する
B患者の気分を上げるため、生花を部屋に持ち込む
C肺炎の治療を受けている別の患者と同室にする
D厳格な手指衛生、体温の確認、感染症のある面会者をなくすこと
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient taking isoniazid for latent TB reports nausea, loss of appetite and dark urine. The ALT is five times the upper limit of normal. What is the best action?
ADouble the dose to finish the treatment course more quickly
BHold the isoniazid and report the findings to the prescriber at once
CReassure the patient that dark urine is a harmless drug effect
DContinue the isoniazid and give it with food to settle the stomach
11.薬理学ふつう
イブプロフェンなどの NSAIDs が胃潰瘍のリスクを高めるのはなぜですか?
A胃粘膜を守るプロスタグランジンを減らすから
B胃酸の pH を上げるから
C胃の中のヘリコバクター・ピロリの数を増やすから
D粘液層を直接溶かすから
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient has a serum potassium of 7.0 mmol/L (mEq/L) and peaked T waves on the ECG. Which drug is given first to protect the heart?
AIntravenous calcium gluconate
BOral sodium polystyrene sulfonate
CIntravenous furosemide
DOral potassium chloride
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
降圧薬を飲み始めたばかりの患者が、ベッドから出るときにめまいを感じます。正しい助言はどれですか?
A血流が保たれるよう、すばやく立ち上がる
B立つ前に、しばらくベッドの端に座る
C医師や看護師に言わずに錠剤を中止する
D代わりに、翌朝に2倍量を飲む
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient has been on continuous NIV via a full-face mask for two days. Which nursing measure helps prevent the most common complication?
ARemove the mask for an hour each time the alarm sounds
BCheck mask fit and protect the bridge of the nose
CTighten the straps as far as they will go to stop any leak
DUse the same mask size for every patient
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
AA weight loss of 1 kg (2.2 lb) after a hot day
BA dry mouth and a low blood pressure when standing
CA weight gain of 2 kg (4.4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
DDark yellow urine and thirst
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
The nurse has four endocrine patients. Which one needs to be seen first?
AA patient with hypothyroidism who has been constipated for three days
BA patient with Graves' disease asking about radioactive iodine
CA patient after thyroidectomy with mild pain on swallowing
DA patient with hyperthyroidism who is confused, with a temperature of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F)
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why is the "whoosh" test no longer used to check nasogastric tube position?
AAir can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
BIt needs an X-ray machine at the bedside
CThe test is far too painful for most patients to tolerate
DThe air always makes the tube block
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
An 80 kg adult has 30% TBSA partial- and full-thickness burns. Using the Parkland formula, how much crystalloid is planned for the first 8 hours from the time of the burn?
A4800 mL
B9600 mL
C2400 mL
D3200 mL
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman received an opioid shortly before giving birth, and the baby is born with poor breathing effort. Which statement about the baby's care is correct?
ANo support is needed because the effect lasts only seconds
BFlumazenil is given to reverse the opioid
CNaloxone is given before any ventilation is started
DEffective ventilation comes first; naloxone is not routine
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
Just after the membranes rupture, there is painless vaginal bleeding and the fetal heart rate drops sharply. The mother's vital signs are normal. Which condition is most likely?
AUterine rupture
BRuptured vasa praevia
CBloody show
DPlacental abruption
21.小児看護ふつう
Why are elbow splints often used after cleft lip repair?
ATo keep the baby's arms warm and still after surgery and anaesthesia
BTo make the baby sleep for longer
CTo keep the IV cannula from being needed
DTo stop the baby touching or rubbing the suture line
22.小児看護むずかしい
An infant with heart failure is breathing fast and working hard. Which position helps most?
AProne with the head turned to the side
BSemi-upright, with the head and chest raised
CFlat on the back with the legs raised
DLying flat on the left side only
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient who started lithium 2 weeks ago has a fine tremor of the hands and is passing more urine than usual. Her level is within the therapeutic range. How should the nurse interpret this?
AThese are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored
BThese are signs of an allergic reaction, so she should never take lithium again
CThese symptoms mean that the lithium is not working, so the dose should be stopped and a new drug chosen
DThese are definite signs of severe lithium toxicity, so emergency dialysis is needed straight away
24.精神看護むずかしい
A woman arrives in the emergency department after a sexual assault and has a cut on her head that is bleeding. What is the priority?
ACall the police and wait until they arrive before doing anything else, so that no evidence is lost by mistake
BAssess and treat her physical injuries, then offer forensic examination with her consent
CCollect forensic evidence before treating any injuries
DAsk her for a detailed account of the assault before any care
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある新生児の体重は 9 lb 8 oz です。1 lb = 16 oz と 1 kg = 2.2 lb を使って、体重 m をキログラムで求めてください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
9 lb 8 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 処方箋に、経口懸濁液 1日2回 を 1 tsp、7 日間と書かれています。1 tsp = 5 mL を用いて、全期間に必要な mL V はいくつですか。
1 tsp1日2回7 日1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
アドレナリン(エピネフリン)のアンプルに 1:1000(1 mg/mL)と表示されています。指示はアナフィラキシーに対する 0.5 mg の筋注(IM)です。吸い上げる量 V はいくらですか?
1:10000.5 mg
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 3400 単位で、薬は 5000 単位/mL で供給されます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
3400 units5000 units/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
60 滴/mL の輸液セットで 250 mL を 10 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
250 mL10 h60 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 50 mL 中に薬を 100 mg 含み、10 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
100 mg/50 mL10 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 59 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
59 kg8 h尿: 300 mL尿: 175 mL
U = mL/kg/h
32.輸液と水分出納むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 1000 mL のバッグをポンプで 100 mL/h で投与しています。14:00 の時点で 500 mL がすでに投与されています。バッグが空になるまであと何時間 t ですか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
答え: B · Two nurses count the apical and radial pulse at the same time for one minute
これが答えになる理由
A pulse deficit is the apical rate minus the radial rate, counted at the same time over a full minute. It shows that some heartbeats are too weak to reach the wrist, as in atrial fibrillation.
答え
B · Two nurses count the apical and radial pulse at the same time for one minute
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Support the patient to tell the team their wishes
これが答えになる理由
As an advocate the nurse makes sure the patient's own wishes are heard. A competent adult decides about their treatment, and the family's views do not override this.
答え
D · Support the patient to tell the team their wishes
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · A large toy with no small parts that can come off
これが答えになる理由
Small parts, marbles, magnets and uninflated or broken balloons are choking hazards for young children. Toys should be large, sturdy and suited to the child’s age.
答え
D · A large toy with no small parts that can come off
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Chest thrusts
これが答えになる理由
For people in late pregnancy or who are very obese, chest thrusts replace abdominal thrusts because the rescuer cannot get around the abdomen effectively. Blind finger sweeps can push the object deeper.
答え: C · Defibrillate as soon as the defibrillator is available, with CPR until then
これが答えになる理由
Ventricular fibrillation is a shockable cardiac arrest rhythm. Early defibrillation, with high-quality CPR until the shock is given, is the most important treatment.
答え
C · Defibrillate as soon as the defibrillator is available, with CPR until then
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
これが答えになる理由
Thrombocytopenia increases bleeding risk. Gentle oral care, electric razors and avoiding IM injections and rectal procedures help prevent bleeding.
答え
A · Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Symptoms can return later in a biphasic reaction
これが答えになる理由
Some patients have a second wave of symptoms hours after the first, called a biphasic reaction. Observation, an adrenaline auto-injector where indicated and allergy referral are part of safe discharge.
答え
A · Symptoms can return later in a biphasic reaction
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · 厳格な手指衛生、体温の確認、感染症のある面会者をなくすこと
これが答えになる理由
重度の好中球減少症は、感染のリスクが高いです。手指衛生、発熱の早期の認識、感染源からの保護が重要です。花は微生物を運ぶことがあり、直腸への処置は粘膜を傷つけ、肺炎の同室者は感染リスクです。確認に用いた資料:Low white blood cell count and cancer · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · 厳格な手指衛生、体温の確認、感染症のある面会者をなくすこと
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Hold the isoniazid and report the findings to the prescriber at once
これが答えになる理由
Isoniazid can cause hepatitis, which may be severe. Symptoms such as nausea, loss of appetite and dark urine with a markedly raised ALT mean the drug should be held and the prescriber informed. Patients are taught to avoid alcohol and report these symptoms early.
答え
B · Hold the isoniazid and report the findings to the prescriber at once
IV calcium stabilises the myocardial cell membrane within minutes and reduces the risk of arrhythmia. Other treatments then shift potassium into cells (insulin with glucose) or remove it from the body.
答え: B · Check mask fit and protect the bridge of the nose
これが答えになる理由
Pressure injury over the bridge of the nose is common with NIV masks. Correctly sized masks, avoiding overtightening (allowing a small gap under the straps), protective dressings and regular skin checks reduce it. Other problems include eye irritation, dryness and gastric distension.
答え
B · Check mask fit and protect the bridge of the nose
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · A weight gain of 2 kg (4.4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
これが答えになる理由
Rapid weight gain reflects fluid retention. Oedema, breathlessness, crackles in the lungs and a raised blood pressure are other signs. Daily weights are a simple and reliable way to track fluid balance.
答え
C · A weight gain of 2 kg (4.4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · A patient with hyperthyroidism who is confused, with a temperature of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F)
これが答えになる理由
Fever and confusion in a patient with hyperthyroidism suggest thyroid storm, which can be fatal without urgent treatment. The other problems are expected or non-urgent.
答え
D · A patient with hyperthyroidism who is confused, with a temperature of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F)
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Air can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
これが答えになる理由
Auscultation of injected air cannot distinguish the stomach from the lungs or oesophagus, and misplaced tubes have caused deaths. pH testing of aspirate or X-ray is used instead.
答え
A · Air can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · 4800 mL
これが答えになる理由
Parkland gives 4 × 80 × 30 = 9600 mL in 24 hours, with half (4800 mL) in the first 8 hours from the time of injury. The rate is then adjusted to urine output and clinical response. Many burn centres now start lower, for example at 2 mL/kg/%TBSA in adults, and titrate to urine output.
答え
A · 4800 mL
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Effective ventilation comes first; naloxone is not routine
これが答えになる理由
Opioids cross the placenta and can depress newborn breathing. Resuscitation guidelines put effective ventilation first; naloxone is not part of routine newborn resuscitation and should be avoided if the mother uses opioids long term, as it can cause acute withdrawal and seizures. Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepines, not opioids.
答え
D · Effective ventilation comes first; naloxone is not routine
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Ruptured vasa praevia
これが答えになる理由
Rupture of the membranes can tear unprotected fetal vessels in vasa praevia. Fetal blood loss causes rapid bradycardia while the mother stays stable. An emergency caesarean is needed.
答え
B · Ruptured vasa praevia
21.小児看護
答え: D · To stop the baby touching or rubbing the suture line
これが答えになる理由
Soft elbow splints keep the baby's hands away from the face and protect the repair while still allowing arm movement. They are removed regularly, one at a time and under supervision, for skin checks and exercise.
答え
D · To stop the baby touching or rubbing the suture line
22.小児看護
答え: B · Semi-upright, with the head and chest raised
これが答えになる理由
A semi-upright position lowers the pressure of abdominal organs on the diaphragm and eases breathing. Raising the legs would increase venous return and may worsen pulmonary congestion.
答え
B · Semi-upright, with the head and chest raised
23.精神看護
答え: A · These are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored
これが答えになる理由
Fine tremor, thirst, polyuria and mild nausea are common early effects of lithium. A coarse tremor, vomiting, diarrhoea, confusion or unsteadiness suggest toxicity.
答え
A · These are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored
24.精神看護
答え: B · Assess and treat her physical injuries, then offer forensic examination with her consent
これが答えになる理由
Medical care for injuries comes first. Forensic examination is offered, explained and carried out only with consent, and the nurse supports the survivor's control over each step.
答え
B · Assess and treat her physical injuries, then offer forensic examination with her consent
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 4.32 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
8 oz/16 = 0.5 lb
9 + 0.5 = 9.5 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 9.5/2.2 = 4.318 ≈ 4.32 kg
答え
m = 4.32 kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 70 mL
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1 回あたりの容量
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
全投与期間
V = 5 mL × 2/日 × 7 = 70 mL
答え
V = 70 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 0.5 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 32/min → 3
SpO₂ 86% → 3
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 90 mmHg → 3
HR 88/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.0 °C → 1
足す
NEWS2 = 3 + 3 + 0 + 3 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 10
答え
NEWS2 = 10
34.臨床アセスメントスコア
答え: 低~中
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 7/min → 3
SpO₂ 97% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 124 mmHg → 0
HR 64/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 37.9 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 3 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 3
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
低~中
答え
低~中
単独で3点がある場合は、合計が低くても緊急の診察が必要です。
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。