A patient is found on the floor beside the bed. What should the nurse do first?
AComplete the incident report first, then go back to assess the patient fully
BCheck responsiveness and look for injuries before moving them
CAsk the patient to stand up on their own
DLift the patient straight back into bed
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
24 時間で患者の摂取量は 2400 mL、測定した排出量の合計は 1800 mL です。水分出納はいくつですか?
Aプラス 4200 mL
B両方の値が多いので釣り合っている
Cマイナス 600 mL
Dプラス 600 mL
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A colleague has drawn up a medication and asks the nurse to give it to her patient. What should the nurse do?
AGive it, and document that the colleague prepared it
BGive it, as long as the syringe has a label with the drug name on it
CDecline, and give only medications that the nurse prepared or checked personally
DGive it, because the colleague is experienced
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
滅菌手袋が滅菌野の縁に触れたかどうか、看護師には確信がありません。正しい対応はどれですか?
A手袋は汚染されたものとして扱い、交換する
B見ていたかどうか患者に尋ねる
C確信がないので、そのまま続ける
D手袋をアルコールで拭く
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient with angina is taught to use sublingual nitroglycerin (GTN). Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will take five tablets one after the other before I call for help.”
B“I will carry the tablets with me when I go out.”
C“I will sit or lie down when I take a tablet.”
D“If the pain has not eased as my action plan says, I will call emergency services.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
救急部で、すぐに処置室へ行くべき患者はどれですか?
A処方の再発行を求めている 45 歳の患者
B20 分前から、胸の圧迫感、発汗、悪心がある 60 歳の患者
C手首を捻挫し、バイタルサインが正常な 25 歳の患者
D2 日間のどが痛く、体温が 38.0 °C の 30 歳の患者
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with pneumonia is breathless and coughing up thick sputum. Which nursing measure helps most with breathing?
ARestricting all oral fluids
BDiscouraging coughing to save energy
CSitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
DLying the patient flat so that they can rest and conserve energy
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
大手術後の患者の早期の悪化を見つけるのに最も役立つ看護アセスメントは?
A早期警告スコアを用いた定期的なバイタルサイン一式の測定と推移の確認
B1 日 1 回の体温測定
C気分がよいかどうかを患者に尋ねるだけ
D退院時にだけ創を確認する
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient without symptoms has a fasting plasma glucose of 132 mg/dL (7.3 mmol/L) on Monday and 138 mg/dL (7.7 mmol/L) on Thursday. What does this show?
AThe results show prediabetes only
BThe results are within the normal fasting range
CThe results meet the criteria for diabetes
DThe results show reactive hypoglycemia
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient in DKA is receiving IV fluids and insulin. The glucose has fallen to about 220 mg/dL (12.2 mmol/L), but the anion gap is still high. What change would the nurse expect?
AStop the insulin infusion because the glucose is near normal
BStop the IV fluids and start oral fluids only
CAdd dextrose to the IV fluids and continue the insulin
DGive an IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate at once
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?
ATake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
BTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster
CDouble the dose to build tolerance faster
DTake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath
12.薬理学むずかしい
Lithium taken in the first trimester of pregnancy has been linked to which type of birth defect?
ANeural tube defects such as spina bifida
BHeart malformations, such as Ebstein's anomaly
CLimb defects similar to thalidomide
DCleft lip and palate only
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?
AIt reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut
BIt blocks cholesterol production by enzymes in the liver
CIt dissolves plaques already in the arteries
DIt increases cholesterol loss in the urine
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient had 40 minutes of chest pain at rest. The ECG shows ST depression without ST elevation, and the troponin is rising. What is the diagnosis?
AAcute pericarditis
BNon-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
CST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
DStable angina
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A man starts tamsulosin for BPH. Which teaching point is most important?
ATake it with grapefruit juice to make it work better
BStop it if the urine stream improves
CStand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
DExpect the drug to shrink the prostate within a day
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
On the first day after a kidney transplant, urine output suddenly falls from 200 mL/h to 10 mL/h. What should the nurse check first?
AThat the catheter is not blocked or kinked
BThe patient's blood glucose level
CWhether the patient has eaten
DThe patient's temperature and pulse
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why is IV hydration given with cisplatin?
ATo raise the blood pressure during treatment
BTo make the drug less effective
CTo protect the kidneys from damage
DTo prevent hair loss
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
On the ward after surgery, a patient has a red, blistered area of skin under where the diathermy plate was. What should the nurse do?
AWash it with alcohol and leave it uncovered
BTreat it as a possible burn, report it and complete an incident form
CApply a hot water bottle to improve the circulation
DIgnore it because skin changes after surgery are normal and expected to fade
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A pregnant woman taking iron says her stools have turned black. What is the best response?
AExplain that this is an expected effect of iron
BAdvise her to go to the emergency department now
CTell her to double the dose of the tablets
DTell her to stop the iron immediately
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn is jaundiced at 12 hours of age. The mother is blood group O, Rh-positive and the baby is group A, Rh-positive with a positive direct Coombs test. What is the most likely cause?
ABreast milk jaundice
BPhysiological jaundice
CRh isoimmunisation
DABO incompatibility
21.小児看護ふつう
A 16-year-old starts an SSRI antidepressant. What is especially important to monitor in the first weeks?
AWeight gain of more than 10 kg in the first month
BA sudden rise in blood glucose
CWorsening mood or new suicidal thoughts
DA drop in the platelet count
22.小児看護むずかしい
血友病の 6 歳児が転倒し、膝が腫れて痛みます。優先すべきことは何ですか?
A処方された凝固因子の補充を行い、関節を安静、冷却、圧迫、挙上する
B痛みにアスピリンを与える
C関節の可動性を保ち、拘縮を防ぐために、膝をついて歩くよう促す
D膝を温める
23.精神看護ふつう
In the termination phase of the nurse–patient relationship, which behaviour is common and should be expected?
AThe patient finally begins to share their problems for the first time
BThe patient asks for the relationship to start again from the beginning
CThe patient may show anger, sadness or a return of earlier symptoms
DThe patient always feels relieved and shows no feelings
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient with anorexia nervosa is found doing sit-ups in her room after every meal. What is the best nursing response?
ACalmly follow the agreed care plan on activity and observation, without arguing or punishing
BPraise her for being so active and motivated, because it shows she is taking care of her health
CTell her she will be tube-fed if she does it again
答え: B · Check responsiveness and look for injuries before moving them
これが答えになる理由
The nurse first calls for help and assesses the patient, including for head and hip injury. The patient is moved only when safe, using proper equipment, and the doctor is informed.
答え
B · Check responsiveness and look for injuries before moving them
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · プラス 600 mL
これが答えになる理由
2400 − 1800 = +600 mL で、プラスバランスです。汗や呼吸などの不感蒸泄は測定されないため、実際の出納は表に示されるより少なくなります。
答え
D · プラス 600 mL
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Decline, and give only medications that the nurse prepared or checked personally
これが答えになる理由
Nurses give only medicines they prepared themselves or verified fully, because they are accountable for what they give. A drug prepared by someone else may be wrong in ways the nurse cannot see.
答え
C · Decline, and give only medications that the nurse prepared or checked personally
答え: A · “I will take five tablets one after the other before I call for help.”
これが答えになる理由
Action plans differ slightly: US guidance says to call emergency services if pain is not better 5 minutes after the first dose, while UK guidance allows a second dose after 5 minutes and a 999 call if pain persists 5 minutes later. Taking many doses in a row delays care and can cause severe hypotension.
答え
A · “I will take five tablets one after the other before I call for help.”
答え: C · Sitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
これが答えになる理由
An upright position improves lung expansion, and adequate fluids, deep breathing and coughing help clear sputum. Oxygen is given to target saturations if needed.
答え
C · Sitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
答え: C · The results meet the criteria for diabetes
これが答えになる理由
Two fasting results of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or more confirm diabetes in a person without symptoms. Prediabetes is 100–125 mg/dL. The nurse helps the patient understand the next steps, including education and follow-up.確認に用いた資料:Diabetes · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · The results meet the criteria for diabetes
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Add dextrose to the IV fluids and continue the insulin
これが答えになる理由
The glucose usually falls before the ketoacidosis resolves. Dextrose is added so insulin can continue, clearing ketones without causing hypoglycemia, until the anion gap closes. Stopping insulin too early lets ketoacidosis return.
答え
C · Add dextrose to the IV fluids and continue the insulin
11.薬理学
答え: A · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
これが答えになる理由
Niacin causes prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation and flushing. Aspirin beforehand, taking it with food and avoiding hot drinks and alcohol reduce this effect.
答え
A · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
12.薬理学
答え: B · Heart malformations, such as Ebstein's anomaly
これが答えになる理由
First-trimester lithium is associated with a small increased risk of cardiac malformations, classically Ebstein's anomaly. Women of childbearing age need counselling and specialist planning before pregnancy.
答え
B · Heart malformations, such as Ebstein's anomaly
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · It reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut
これが答えになる理由
Ezetimibe blocks the intestinal cholesterol transporter (NPC1L1), so less dietary and biliary cholesterol is absorbed and LDL falls. It is often added to a statin. Statins act by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the liver.
答え
A · It reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
これが答えになる理由
An NSTEMI is an acute coronary syndrome with myocardial necrosis (rising troponin) but no persistent ST elevation; ST depression or T wave inversion may be seen. It is treated with antiplatelets, anticoagulation and angiography based on risk, rather than emergency reperfusion.
答え
B · Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Stand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
これが答えになる理由
Tamsulosin relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow within days. It can cause postural hypotension and dizziness, especially after the first dose, so patients rise slowly.
答え
C · Stand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · That the catheter is not blocked or kinked
これが答えになる理由
A sudden drop in output after transplant may be caused by a blocked catheter, often from clots. The nurse checks the tubing and may flush the catheter per protocol, and then escalates urgently, because vascular thrombosis or rejection are also possible.
答え
A · That the catheter is not blocked or kinked
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · To protect the kidneys from damage
これが答えになる理由
Cisplatin is nephrotoxic, so hydration and electrolyte replacement (especially magnesium) are given. It can also cause ototoxicity, neuropathy and severe nausea.
答え
C · To protect the kidneys from damage
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Treat it as a possible burn, report it and complete an incident form
これが答えになる理由
A blister under the return electrode suggests a diathermy burn. The nurse assesses and dresses it, informs the team, and reports it as an incident so that the cause can be investigated.
答え
B · Treat it as a possible burn, report it and complete an incident form
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Explain that this is an expected effect of iron
これが答えになる理由
Iron supplements commonly make stools dark green or black. This is harmless, unlike tarry stools with signs of bleeding such as dizziness.
答え
A · Explain that this is an expected effect of iron
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · ABO incompatibility
これが答えになる理由
Group O mothers have anti-A and anti-B antibodies that can cross the placenta and haemolyse the red cells of a group A or B baby. Early jaundice with a positive direct Coombs test suggests haemolysis. Both are Rh-positive, so Rh disease is excluded.
答え
D · ABO incompatibility
21.小児看護
答え: C · Worsening mood or new suicidal thoughts
これが答えになる理由
Antidepressants may be linked to increased suicidal thinking in some young people, especially early in treatment or after dose changes. Close follow-up, safety planning and involving the family are advised.
答え: C · The patient may show anger, sadness or a return of earlier symptoms
これが答えになる理由
Ending a relationship can trigger feelings of loss, so regression, anger or sadness are common. The nurse prepares the patient for the ending from the start and helps them talk about these feelings.
答え
C · The patient may show anger, sadness or a return of earlier symptoms
24.精神看護
答え: A · Calmly follow the agreed care plan on activity and observation, without arguing or punishing
これが答えになる理由
Compensatory exercise undermines weight restoration. The team agrees clear limits and observation in the care plan and applies them consistently and without judgement, while exploring the feelings behind the behaviour.
答え
A · Calmly follow the agreed care plan on activity and observation, without arguing or punishing
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。