答え: A · Gradual rewarming with blankets and warm surroundings
これが答えになる理由
Gradual passive rewarming with blankets, a warm room and warm drinks if they can swallow is safe for mild hypothermia. Direct heat can burn and rapid rewarming can be dangerous.
答え
A · Gradual rewarming with blankets and warm surroundings
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Many cold remedies also contain paracetamol, risking liver damage
これが答えになる理由
Paracetamol is in many combination products. Taking several at once can push the total over the safe daily maximum and cause liver damage, so patients are taught to check labels.
答え
B · Many cold remedies also contain paracetamol, risking liver damage
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · It is checked for electrical safety according to hospital policy before use
これが答えになる理由
Electrical items from home can be faulty and cause shocks or fires. Policies usually require them to be inspected before use, and extension cords near patients are avoided.
答え
D · It is checked for electrical safety according to hospital policy before use
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · “We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”
これが答えになる理由
Firearms in homes with children should be stored unloaded and locked, with ammunition stored separately and locked. Telling children not to touch a gun does not reliably prevent injuries.
答え
B · “We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”
A ventilator-dependent patient is at immediate risk. The nurse checks that the ventilator is on emergency power or battery and keeps a manual resuscitation bag ready.
答え
D · A patient who depends on a ventilator
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Blood cultures
これが答えになる理由
Blood cultures taken before antibiotics are more likely to grow the organism, which allows targeted treatment later. Antibiotics should still be given promptly and must not be delayed.
答え
B · Blood cultures
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
これが答えになる理由
Hypertension usually needs long-term treatment; stopping because readings are normal often makes blood pressure rise again. Patients should discuss any changes with their prescriber.
答え
B · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
答え: C · "I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
これが答えになる理由
HbA1c reflects glucose attached to hemoglobin over about 2–3 months, so fasting is not needed. Lower HbA1c values are linked to fewer microvascular complications, and home glucose monitoring is still useful for day-to-day decisions.確認に用いた資料:The A1C Test & Diabetes · NIDDK (NIH) (2018); Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · "I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
Abrupt withdrawal after long-term benzodiazepine use causes anxiety, insomnia, tremor and sometimes seizures. Long-term users should have the dose tapered gradually.
答え: A · Via a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
これが答えになる理由
A total laryngectomy separates the trachea from the upper airway, so the patient breathes only through the neck stoma. Oxygen and any rescue breaths must be given via the stoma. These patients are "neck breathers" and often carry an alert card.
答え
A · Via a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
答え: B · To reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
これが答えになる理由
Carbohydrate loading the night before and a few hours before surgery reduces thirst, hunger and postoperative insulin resistance. It is not used in every patient, for example some with diabetes.
答え
B · To reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
Pressure from forceps blades on the facial nerve can cause temporary facial palsy, with asymmetry when the baby cries. It usually resolves within weeks.
答え
B · Facial nerve palsy
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Hypoglycaemia, hypothermia and polycythaemia
これが答えになる理由
SGA babies have low glycogen and fat stores, leading to hypoglycaemia and hypothermia. Chronic intrauterine hypoxia increases red cell production, causing polycythaemia.
答え: B · Seek urgent care, as factor replacement may be needed before symptoms appear
これが答えになる理由
Intracranial bleeding is the most dangerous bleed in haemophilia and can develop hours after injury. Any significant head injury needs urgent assessment and usually prompt factor replacement. Aspirin is avoided because it impairs platelet function.
答え
B · Seek urgent care, as factor replacement may be needed before symptoms appear
23.精神看護
答え: C · "You feel that people here don't really know you?"
これが答えになる理由
Reflecting the patient's concern invites them to explore it. Defending the doctor, reassuring falsely or asking "why" all close the conversation down.
答え
C · "You feel that people here don't really know you?"
24.精神看護
答え: A · Discuss benefits and risks, decide together with the prescriber and agree a relapse plan
これが答えになる理由
Recovery-oriented care values the person's choices and shared decision-making. Any change is planned with the prescriber, often by tapering slowly, with clear early warning signs and a plan for what to do if they appear.
答え
A · Discuss benefits and risks, decide together with the prescriber and agree a relapse plan
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
濃度
50000/1000 = 50 個/mL
ポンプ流量
R = 500/50 = 10 mL/h
答え
R = 10 mL/h
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 180 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
流量(mL/h)
30·60/60 = 30 mL/h
体積
V = 30·6 = 180 mL
答え
V = 180 mL
30.点滴速度
答え: R = 25 gtt/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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