A caller says they are a patient's daughter and asks for details of the patient's condition. What should the nurse do?
ACheck the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
BGive full details, as close family members have a right to know
CRead out the latest notes over the phone
DHang up without saying anything
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
患者の NEWS2 スコアが急に 1 点から 7 点に上がりました。適切な対応は?
A記録し、観察を繰り返して、次の回診で医師に伝える
B経験豊富な医師がただちに評価する緊急対応
C明朝もう一度バイタルを測る
D4 時間ごとの観察を続ける
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
In the US (EPA/OSHA) hazmat system, which level of PPE gives the highest level of protection?
ALevel C
BLevel A
CLevel D
DLevel B
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
In START triage, a casualty cannot walk and is breathing 36 times a minute. Which category applies?
AYellow (delayed)
BGreen (minor)
CBlack (expectant or dead)
DRed (immediate)
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse has given rapid-acting insulin, and then learns that the patient’s meal tray will be 45 minutes late. What should the nurse do?
AGet the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
BGive a second, smaller dose of insulin when the meal tray finally arrives
CTell the patient to wait and do nothing until the tray comes
DAsk the patient to walk around the ward until the food arrives
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient’s serum potassium is 6.1 mEq/L. Which of the patient’s medications should the nurse question first?
AOmeprazole
BFurosemide
CHydrochlorothiazide
DSpironolactone
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which advice is important for a patient on long-term oral corticosteroids?
ATake them only when symptoms flare
BDouble the dose if a dose is missed
CTake them on an empty stomach at night
DDo not stop them suddenly
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient suddenly develops a severe "worst ever" headache that reached full intensity within seconds, followed by vomiting and neck stiffness. What should be suspected?
AMigraine with aura in a known migraine sufferer
BSinusitis
CSubarachnoid haemorrhage
DTension headache
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
患者のヘモグロビンが 7.8 g/dL(78 g/L)です。看護師が予想する所見はどれですか?
A遅い心拍数、紅潮した皮膚、高い血圧
B疲労、蒼白、速い心拍数、労作時の息切れ
Cかゆみ、黄色い皮膚、濃い尿
D頭痛、鼻出血、赤い顔
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will have my INR checked as often as I am told to"
B"I will keep my intake of green leafy vegetables about the same"
C"I will tell my dentist and pharmacist that I take warfarin"
D"If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
11.薬理学ふつう
Which side effects are most common when starting gabapentin?
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある成人の体重は 49 kg、身長は 158 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。
49 kg158 cm
1低体重(やせ)
2普通体重
3過体重
4肥満クラスI
5肥満クラスII
6肥満クラスIII
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Check the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
これが答えになる理由
Information is shared only with people the patient has agreed to, and the caller's identity is checked as per policy. Often only limited information is given by phone.
答え
A · Check the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
Level A is a fully encapsulating, vapor-tight suit with self-contained breathing apparatus, used for unknown or highly toxic agents. Level D is ordinary work clothing with minimal protection.
答え
B · Level A
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Red (immediate)
これが答えになる理由
In START, a non-walking casualty who is breathing more than 30 times a minute is tagged red, immediate. Fast breathing suggests a serious problem that needs urgent treatment.
答え
D · Red (immediate)
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Get the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
これが答えになる理由
Rapid-acting insulin starts working within minutes, so a long delay before eating risks hypoglycemia. The nurse arranges food or carbohydrate now and monitors the glucose.
答え
A · Get the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Spironolactone
これが答えになる理由
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and can raise potassium further. Furosemide and thiazides tend to lower potassium, and omeprazole does not usually affect it.
答え
D · Spironolactone
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Do not stop them suddenly
これが答えになる理由
Long-term steroids suppress the adrenal glands, so stopping suddenly can cause adrenal crisis. Patients should carry a steroid alert card or medical ID and follow sick-day guidance.
答え
D · Do not stop them suddenly
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · Subarachnoid haemorrhage
これが答えになる理由
A sudden thunderclap headache suggests bleeding into the subarachnoid space, often from a ruptured aneurysm. It needs an urgent CT scan and neurosurgical input.
答え: D · "If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
これが答えになる理由
Doubling a missed warfarin dose can raise the INR and cause bleeding; the patient should follow the prescriber's instructions, usually taking the missed dose the same day or skipping it. A steady vitamin K intake, regular INR checks and telling other providers are correct.確認に用いた資料:Warfarin (drug information) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · "If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
11.薬理学
答え: C · Drowsiness and dizziness
これが答えになる理由
Gabapentin and pregabalin commonly cause sedation, dizziness and unsteadiness, which raise the risk of falls. They also increase sedation when combined with opioids.
Offloading (removing pressure) is essential for healing a neuropathic ulcer, along with infection control, good blood supply and specialist foot team care. Hot soaks risk burns because sensation is reduced.
答え
D · Taking pressure off the ulcer
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · A patient with a glucose of 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) who is sweaty and confused
これが答えになる理由
Hypoglycaemia with confusion can rapidly lead to seizures and loss of consciousness, so it is treated at once. A moderately high glucose without symptoms, diet questions and routine tests can wait.
答え
A · A patient with a glucose of 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) who is sweaty and confused
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Alternate staples first, then the rest if the wound holds
これが答えになる理由
Removing alternate staples first allows the nurse to check that the wound edges stay together. If the wound is secure, the rest are removed, and adhesive strips can be applied for support.
答え
C · Alternate staples first, then the rest if the wound holds
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Keep the head of the bed at or below 30° if possible; use slide sheets
これが答えになる理由
A high head position makes patients slide, causing shear on the sacrum. A lower head position when clinically possible, knee break or foot support, and slide sheets for moving reduce shear and friction.
答え
D · Keep the head of the bed at or below 30° if possible; use slide sheets
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Kleihauer–Betke test
これが答えになる理由
The Kleihauer–Betke test (or flow cytometry) measures fetal red cells in maternal blood after a sensitising event such as trauma or birth. The result guides whether extra anti-D is needed.
答え
B · Kleihauer–Betke test
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Fetal tachycardia and poor growth
これが答えになる理由
In Graves' disease, maternal antibodies can cross the placenta and cause fetal hyperthyroidism, with tachycardia, goitre and growth restriction. Antithyroid drugs also cross the placenta, so the fetus is monitored.
答え
D · Fetal tachycardia and poor growth
21.小児看護
答え: A · Evaporation; dry the baby straight away, including the head
これが答えになる理由
A wet newborn loses heat rapidly through evaporation. Drying the baby at once, removing wet towels, covering the head and skin-to-skin contact all reduce heat loss.
答え
A · Evaporation; dry the baby straight away, including the head
22.小児看護
答え: C · A child with suspected measles
これが答えになる理由
Negative-pressure rooms are for airborne infections such as measles, chickenpox and tuberculosis. RSV mainly needs contact (and often droplet) precautions, impetigo contact precautions and norovirus contact precautions with strict hand hygiene.
答え
C · A child with suspected measles
23.精神看護
答え: A · "The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
これが答えになる理由
A SMART goal states exactly what the patient will do, how much and by when, so that progress can be evaluated. Vague goals cannot be measured.
答え
A · "The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
24.精神看護
答え: A · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
これが答えになる理由
Long-term avoidance strengthens anxiety. A gradual, planned return, short and predictable goodbyes, praise for brave behaviour and cooperation between parents and school, often with CBT, help the child cope.
答え
A · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 35.9 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
96.6 − 32 = 64.6
5/9を掛ける
T = 64.6·5/9 = 35.89 ≈ 35.9 °C
答え
T = 35.9 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 3 L
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1日の容量
125 mL/h × 24 h = 3000 mL
リットルで
V = 3000/1000 = 3 L
答え
V = 3 L
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 278.3 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
投与量
D = 175·1.59 = 278.3 mg
答え
D = 278.3 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 6 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
22/2.2 = 10 kg
投与量
15·10 = 150 mg
体積
V = (150/125)·5 = 6 mL
答え
V = 6 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 25 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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