Which adverse effect is a particular risk with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen?
AStomach irritation and bleeding
BBreathing slowing down
CLow blood sugar
DSevere constipation that lasts for weeks
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient spills hot tea on their forearm. What is the best immediate first aid?
ACool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
BPop any blisters to let the heat escape
CPut ice or an ice pack directly on the burn for about 10 minutes
DCover it with butter or a greasy cream
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
薬のバイアルと注射器の取り扱いで、安全な実践はどれですか?
A後で使うために、バイアルのゴム栓に針を刺したままにする
B洗い流せば、同じ注射器を2人の患者に使う
Cバイアルに針を刺すたびに、新しい滅菌済みの針と注射器を使う
D新しい針を付ければ、注射器を再使用する
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse finds that a patient has been taking their own sleeping pills from a bedside drawer while also receiving a hypnotic from the ward. What should the nurse do?
ASecure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
BThrow the patient’s pills away in the bin
CLet the patient keep them, since they are the patient’s own
DStop giving the hospital hypnotic without telling the provider or the pharmacy
A child weighing 20 kg is prescribed a drug at 15 mg/kg per dose. What is the dose?
A150 mg
B3000 mg
C300 mg
D35 mg
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient with type 2 diabetes starts a high dose of prednisolone for a flare of COPD. Which change should the nurse expect?
AHigher blood glucose, so more frequent glucose checks are needed
BLower blood glucose, so the diabetes medicines should be stopped
CLower potassium only, with no effect on glucose
DNo change in glucose, as steroids act only in the lungs
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
末梢動脈疾患の患者が夜間に脚の痛みを訴えています。楽になる可能性のある体位はどれですか?
Aベッドの端から脚を下に垂らす
B湯たんぽを足に直接当てる
C脚を圧迫包帯で巻く
D脚を枕の上で心臓より高く上げる
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with a large pericardial effusion has a systolic pressure that falls by more than 10 mmHg during inspiration. What is this finding called?
APulsus alternans
BPulsus paradoxus
CA pulse deficit
DA collapsing pulse
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
An 82-year-old taking apixaban fell three weeks ago. Since then their family has noticed increasing confusion and headaches. Which condition is most likely?
NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and cause ulcers and bleeding. They are taken with food, avoided in some patients and may also affect the kidneys.
答え
A · Stomach irritation and bleeding
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Cool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Cool running water for about 20 minutes reduces pain and depth of injury. Ice can damage tissue further, grease holds heat in, and blisters are left intact to protect the skin.
答え
A · Cool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
答え: A · Secure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
Unrecorded home medicines can lead to duplicate doses, interactions and falls. They are stored or sent home according to policy, and the provider is told so the treatment plan can be reviewed.
答え
A · Secure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
Dabigatran is excreted mainly by the kidneys, so poor kidney function raises the drug level and bleeding risk. Kidney function is checked before starting and regularly afterwards. Routine INR monitoring is not used for direct oral anticoagulants.確認に用いた資料:Dabigatran · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
20 kg × 15 mg/kg = 300 mg. The result is also checked against the safe dose range and the adult maximum.
答え
C · 300 mg
12.薬理学
答え: A · Higher blood glucose, so more frequent glucose checks are needed
これが答えになる理由
Glucocorticoids raise blood glucose by increasing liver glucose production and insulin resistance. Glucose is monitored more often, and diabetes treatment may need to be increased during the course.
答え
A · Higher blood glucose, so more frequent glucose checks are needed
Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggerated inspiratory fall in systolic pressure (more than 10 mmHg). In tamponade, the right ventricle fills on inspiration and pushes the septum left, reducing left ventricular output. It also occurs in severe asthma. A collapsing pulse suggests aortic regurgitation.
答え
B · Pulsus paradoxus
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Chronic subdural haematoma
これが答えになる理由
Older people have brain atrophy that stretches the bridging veins, and anticoagulants increase bleeding. A slow venous bleed can cause gradual confusion, headache or weakness over weeks. A CT scan is needed.
Common causes of perioperative anaphylaxis include neuromuscular blockers, antibiotics, chlorhexidine and latex. Allergies are documented, and suspected reactions are investigated afterwards.
答え: C · Plasma volume rises more than red cell mass
これが答えになる理由
Plasma volume increases more than red cell mass, so haemoglobin concentration falls (physiological or dilutional anaemia). Iron deficiency can add to this and should still be checked.
答え: D · Change nappies often, clean gently, use a barrier cream and allow nappy-free time
これが答えになる理由
Keeping the skin clean and dry with frequent changes, gentle cleaning with water, a barrier cream and nappy-free time helps nappy rash heal. Perfumed products and talc can irritate the skin; a rash that persists may be a candidal infection.
答え
D · Change nappies often, clean gently, use a barrier cream and allow nappy-free time
答え: D · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
これが答えになる理由
As a partial agonist, aripiprazole lowers dopamine activity where it is high and supports it where it is low. It is less likely to raise prolactin or cause sedation, but akathisia is a common side effect.
答え
D · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
24.精神看護
答え: C · Keep the baby safe, never alone with her, and arrange urgent assessment
これが答えになる理由
Postpartum psychosis with delusions about the baby carries a risk of harm to the infant and to the mother. The baby must be kept safe and the mother assessed urgently, usually with admission.
答え
C · Keep the baby safe, never alone with her, and arrange urgent assessment
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 39.5 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
103.1 − 32 = 71.1
5/9を掛ける
T = 71.1·5/9 = 39.5 °C
答え
T = 39.5 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 417.5 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
2 tbsp = 2·15 = 30 mL
1½ カップ = 1.5·240 = 360 mL
2½ tsp = 2.5·5 = 12.5 mL
½ fl oz = 0.5·30 = 15 mL
足す
V = 30 + 360 + 12.5 + 15 = 417.5 mL
答え
V = 417.5 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: m = 50 mg
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 22/min → 2
SpO₂ 89% → 3
酸素投与中 → 2
SBP 142 mmHg → 0
HR 58/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 37.3 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 2 + 3 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 7
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
高
答え
高
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
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