Why is an ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before applying compression bandages to a leg ulcer?
ATo exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
BTo work out the patient's fluid needs
CTo measure how deep the ulcer is and how much exudate it produces
DTo check for a urinary tract infection that could delay ulcer healing
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
3 日間吐き気と嘔吐が続き、フロセミドを服用している患者です。最も考えられる電解質異常は?
A高カリウム血症
B高カルシウム血症
C高ナトリウム血症だけ
D低カリウム血症
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A nurse completed the hepatitis B vaccine series. Which result shows protective immunity?
AA raised ALT level
BA positive HBsAg test
CAnti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
DA positive IgM anti-HBc
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will keep my intake of green leafy vegetables about the same"
B"I will tell my dentist and pharmacist that I take warfarin"
C"I will have my INR checked as often as I am told to"
D"If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
11.薬理学ふつう
A transplant patient takes tacrolimus. Which monitoring is most important?
ABlood drug levels and kidney function
BSerum amylase
CThyroid function and bone density
DPeak expiratory flow
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient on warfarin also takes ginkgo and high-dose garlic supplements and is having minor surgery next week. What should the nurse do?
AIgnore the supplements, as natural products are safe with warfarin
BAdvise taking extra supplements to improve healing
CTell the surgical team, as the supplements can increase bleeding
DAdvise stopping warfarin without telling anyone
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?
ASeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
BThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth
CQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
DSlowly and gently over about ten seconds
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
As the defibrillator charges, a nurse sees a colleague still holding the patient's bed rail. What should the nurse do?
AAsk the colleague to hold the patient's hand instead
BDeliver the shock now, as the bed rail is not part of the patient
CCall clearly for everyone to stand clear and check before the shock
DTurn off the defibrillator and start a new cycle of CPR
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient on insulin asks about drinking alcohol. Which advice is correct?
AAlcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
BAlcohol should replace a meal on the days it is drunk
CAlcohol has no effect on blood glucose in people with diabetes
DAlcohol raises glucose, so extra insulin should be taken first
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches a carer to give buccal midazolam for prolonged seizures. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will write down the time the seizure started and the time I gave the dose."
B"I will give it into the space between his gum and cheek."
C"I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
D"I will call an ambulance if the care plan tells me to."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
回腸ストーマのある患者で、徐放性や腸溶性の錠剤がうまく効かないことがあるのはなぜですか?
A回腸ストーマの酵素が、あらゆる種類の経口薬を破壊するから
B回腸ストーマのある患者は、経口薬をまったく服用できないから
C通過が速いため、薬が放出される前に排出される可能性があるから
Dストーマが薬をあまりにも速く血液中に吸収するから
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has a falling urine output and a rising creatinine. They have not received nephrotoxic drugs and are not dehydrated. Which complication is likely?
AUrinary tract infection
BHepatorenal syndrome
CPolycystic kidney disease
DNephrotic syndrome
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
破水後、羊水が緑色です。何を示唆しますか?
A母親が B 群溶血性レンサ球菌に感染している
B正期産では正常な羊水である
C胎児が胎便を排出した
D胎盤からの出血がある
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
新生児の腋窩温が 36.0 °C です。最も適切な最初の対応はどれですか?
A帽子をかぶせ、覆いをかけて母親と肌を触れ合わせる
Bすぐに温かい沐浴をする
C次の定期観察まで待つ
D皮膚の色をよく観察するために、服を着せずに寝台に寝かせておく
21.小児看護ふつう
If the MMR and varicella vaccines are not given on the same day, what is the general rule?
AGive the second within 24 hours of the first
BNever give both vaccines in the same year
CSeparate them by at least 1 week
DSeparate them by at least 4 weeks
22.小児看護むずかしい
生後 3 週の赤ちゃんの直腸温が 38.3 °C です。哺乳はいつもよりやや少なめですが、元気そうに見えます。看護師は何を助言すべきですか?
A解熱薬を与え、3 日後に再診する
B乳児の発熱は重篤な感染症のサインのことがあるため、緊急に医師の診察を受ける
C赤ちゃんを薄着にして、様子を見る
Dこの年齢の発熱は通常、歯の萌出や着せすぎが原因なので、緊急の対応は不要
23.精神看護ふつう
ウェルニッケ脳症の古典的な三徴はどれですか?
A錯乱、運動失調、異常な眼球運動
B頭痛、嘔吐、霧視のみ
C発熱、発疹、項部硬直
D振戦、筋強剛、動作の緩慢さ
24.精神看護むずかしい
A voluntary patient asks to leave the ward now. While talking, he says he plans to jump from a bridge on the way home. What should the nurse do?
AStay with him and inform the team at once, so he can be urgently assessed under mental health law
BLet him leave, because voluntary patients can always go when they want
CTell him to go home now and come back tomorrow morning when he feels calmer and safer
DAsk him to promise that he will not jump, and then let him go home on his own
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある成人の体重は 66 kg、身長は 161 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。
66 kg161 cm
1低体重(やせ)
2普通体重
3過体重
4肥満クラスI
5肥満クラスII
6肥満クラスIII
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Getting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
これが答えになる理由
Medicines reconciliation compares the patient's own medicines with what is prescribed in hospital, using several sources, so that changes are intended and errors are avoided.
答え
D · Getting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
答え: B · Whether the patient has any metal implants or devices, such as a pacemaker
これが答えになる理由
The MRI magnet can move or heat metal objects and can stop some implanted devices from working. Patients are screened for implants, pacemakers, metal fragments and metal items such as jewelry before entering the scanner room.
答え
B · Whether the patient has any metal implants or devices, such as a pacemaker
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · A combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
これが答えになる理由
Multimodal strategies, such as easy access to hand rub at the point of care, training, reminders, audits with feedback and leadership support, improve hand hygiene more than single actions.
答え
A · A combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Delirium, which needs the cause found quickly
これが答えになる理由
Delirium starts suddenly, over hours or days, and attention fluctuates. It often has a treatable cause such as infection, hypoxia or medication, so it is a priority to assess.
答え: A · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
これが答えになる理由
ABPI compares ankle and arm blood pressures. A low result suggests arterial insufficiency, where compression could cause ischaemia; venous ulcers with adequate arterial supply are treated with compression.
答え
A · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
An anti-HBs level of at least 10 mIU/mL after vaccination indicates protection. HBsAg and IgM anti-HBc indicate infection, not immunity. Health care workers are often tested after vaccination.確認に用いた資料:Hepatitis virus panel · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · Anti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · "If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
これが答えになる理由
Doubling a missed warfarin dose can raise the INR and cause bleeding; the patient should follow the prescriber's instructions, usually taking the missed dose the same day or skipping it. A steady vitamin K intake, regular INR checks and telling other providers are correct.確認に用いた資料:Warfarin (drug information) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · "If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
11.薬理学
答え: A · Blood drug levels and kidney function
これが答えになる理由
Tacrolimus levels are kept in a target range to prevent rejection and toxicity. Kidney damage, hyperkalaemia, high glucose and tremor are adverse effects, and interacting drugs and grapefruit are avoided.
答え
A · Blood drug levels and kidney function
12.薬理学
答え: C · Tell the surgical team, as the supplements can increase bleeding
これが答えになる理由
Ginkgo and garlic may impair platelet function and add to warfarin's bleeding risk. The team needs a full list of supplements so it can plan, and the patient should not change warfarin without advice.
答え
C · Tell the surgical team, as the supplements can increase bleeding
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Quickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
これが答えになる理由
Dry powder inhalers have no propellant, so a fast, deep inhalation is needed to disperse the powder. The patient breathes out away from the device first, because moist breath can clump the powder. Very weak or breathless patients may not manage this.
答え
C · Quickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Call clearly for everyone to stand clear and check before the shock
これが答えになる理由
Before every shock, the operator states a clear warning, checks that nobody is touching the patient or bed and that oxygen is moved away from the chest. Compressions continue during charging in many protocols, then everyone stands clear for the shock. Touching the bed can conduct current to staff.
答え
C · Call clearly for everyone to stand clear and check before the shock
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Alcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
これが答えになる理由
Alcohol reduces the liver's release of glucose, so it increases the risk of hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed for many hours. Patients should eat carbohydrate, check glucose before bed and tell friends that a hypo can look like drunkenness.
答え
A · Alcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · "I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
これが答えになる理由
Nothing should ever be put between the teeth during a seizure. Buccal midazolam is given between the gum and cheek, so the mouth does not need to be forced open. Timing the seizure and following the emergency care plan are correct.
答え
C · "I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
In hepatorenal syndrome, severe vasodilation in advanced liver disease reduces kidney perfusion, causing kidney failure without another cause. It carries a poor prognosis and is managed by specialists, often with albumin and vasoconstrictors.
約 36.5 °C 未満は低体温です。毛布と帽子をつけた肌と肌の触れ合いが赤ちゃんを温めます。寒冷ストレスはブドウ糖を消費して低血糖を起こすことがあるため、体温と血糖を再確認します。沐浴は熱喪失を増やします。
答え
A · 帽子をかぶせ、覆いをかけて母親と肌を触れ合わせる
21.小児看護
答え: D · Separate them by at least 4 weeks
これが答えになる理由
Two live injected vaccines are given either on the same day or at least 4 weeks apart. A shorter gap can reduce the immune response to the second vaccine.
答え
D · Separate them by at least 4 weeks
22.小児看護
答え: B · 乳児の発熱は重篤な感染症のサインのことがあるため、緊急に医師の診察を受ける
これが答えになる理由
約 3 か月未満(特に 28 日未満)の乳児の 38 °C 以上の発熱は、元気そうに見えても、敗血症、尿路感染症、髄膜炎に対する緊急の医学的評価が必要です。
答え: A · Stay with him and inform the team at once, so he can be urgently assessed under mental health law
これが答えになる理由
A voluntary patient who shows immediate serious risk may need urgent assessment under mental health legislation, which often includes short-term holding powers for nurses. The nurse acts quickly to keep him safe.
答え
A · Stay with him and inform the team at once, so he can be urgently assessed under mental health law
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 38.7 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
101.6 − 32 = 69.6
5/9を掛ける
T = 69.6·5/9 = 38.67 ≈ 38.7 °C
答え
T = 38.7 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 217.5 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
4 fl oz = 4·30 = 120 mL
¼ カップ = 0.25·240 = 60 mL
1½ tbsp = 1.5·15 = 22.5 mL
3 tsp = 3·5 = 15 mL
足す
V = 120 + 60 + 22.5 + 15 = 217.5 mL
答え
V = 217.5 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: m = 10 mg
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
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