A patient with an epidural catheter develops new back pain and increasing leg weakness when the block should be wearing off. What should be suspected?
AAn epidural haematoma or abscess compressing the spinal cord
BThe normal expected effect of the local anaesthetic
CMild hypokalaemia
DMuscle strain from lying in the same position in bed for many hours
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium of 5.6 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse advise the patient to limit?
AApples
BBananas
CCabbage
DWhite rice
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with acute pancreatitis has a rising BUN, a falling calcium and a glucose of 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) over the first 48 hours. What do these results suggest?
AAn unrelated new kidney stone
BIncreasingly severe pancreatitis
CA lab error from lipemic samples
DA resolving, mild pancreatitis
11.薬理学ふつう
Why should NSAIDs be used with caution in some people with asthma?
AThey block the anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled corticosteroids
BThey cause mucus plugs by drying the airways
CThey can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
DThey increase the clearance of salbutamol
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient with Parkinson's disease has nausea. Why should metoclopramide be avoided?
AIt inhibits the absorption of all oral drugs
BIt blocks dopamine receptors in the brain and can worsen the parkinsonism
CIt increases dopamine levels in the brain too much and causes psychosis
DIt causes severe diarrhoea in Parkinson's disease
Weeks after starting insulin, a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes needs much less insulin and has frequent mild hypos. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe patient actually has type 2 diabetes
BThe diabetes has been cured, so insulin can stop
CThe insulin has gone off and should be replaced
DA honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which burn should usually be discussed with a specialist burns service even if it is small?
AA small superficial sunburn on the back
BA healed burn scar from many years ago
CA tiny burn on the forearm with redness only
DA partial-thickness burn on the hand
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient has an implanted port for chemotherapy. Which needle is used to access it?
AA wide-bore cannula with a steel stylet
BAn intramuscular injection needle
CA standard hollow needle used for venepuncture
DA non-coring (Huber) needle
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which finding on day 4 after a caesarean suggests a wound infection?
AMild numbness of the skin near the scar
BRedness, warmth and discharge
CMild tenderness without redness
DA closed incision with intact edges
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn's heart rate is 80/min after 30 seconds of positive-pressure ventilation and the chest is not moving. What should the nurse do next?
AStop ventilation and give oxygen by mask only
BCorrect the ventilation, starting with mask and airway
CStart chest compressions immediately at a 3:1 ratio
DGive IV adrenaline straight away
21.小児看護ふつう
Why should a child with rubella avoid contact with pregnant women?
ARubella causes pregnant women to go into labour early
BThe child may catch a pregnancy-related infection
CPregnant women always develop severe pneumonia if they catch rubella
DRubella in early pregnancy can cause serious birth defects
22.小児看護むずかしい
A teenager with severe anorexia nervosa starts nutritional rehabilitation. Which blood result is most important to watch in the first days?
AAmylase
BCholesterol
CPhosphate
DBilirubin
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient taking fluoxetine says she has started taking St John's wort to feel even better. What is the main risk?
答え: A · Hold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
これが答えになる理由
Splinting the incision with a pillow or folded towel supports the wound and reduces pain, so the patient can cough effectively and clear secretions.
答え
A · Hold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Look for an unmet need such as toileting, pain, hunger or thirst
これが答えになる理由
Restlessness in dementia often has a cause, such as needing the toilet, pain or being cold. Meeting the need is safer than restraint or sedation, which increase the risk of harm.
答え
D · Look for an unmet need such as toileting, pain, hunger or thirst
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · To stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
これが答えになる理由
Elbow restraints keep the elbows straight so the infant cannot touch the suture line. They are removed regularly, one at a time, for skin checks and movement under supervision.
答え
A · To stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Switch off the power or unplug the lamp without touching the person
これが答えになる理由
The rescuer must not touch someone still in contact with live current. The power is switched off or the plug pulled first, then the person is assessed and resuscitation is started if needed.
答え
C · Switch off the power or unplug the lamp without touching the person
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Within about 15–30 minutes
これが答えになる理由
IV opioids act within minutes, so the nurse reassesses pain, sedation and breathing within about 15–30 minutes. Oral analgesics are usually reassessed later, after about an hour.
答え
B · Within about 15–30 minutes
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Keep the legs level or slightly lowered, not raised
これが答えになる理由
In arterial disease, gravity helps blood reach the feet, so legs are not elevated. Elevation and compression suit venous disease, and crossing the legs reduces flow further.
答え
A · Keep the legs level or slightly lowered, not raised
答え: A · An epidural haematoma or abscess compressing the spinal cord
これが答えになる理由
Increasing motor block, back pain or new weakness after an epidural can mean a haematoma or abscess compressing the cord. This is a surgical emergency: stop the infusion and get urgent medical review.
答え
A · An epidural haematoma or abscess compressing the spinal cord
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Bananas
これが答えになる理由
Bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, dried fruit and beans are high in potassium. Apples, white rice and cabbage are lower-potassium choices that are commonly allowed on a potassium-restricted diet.確認に用いた資料:Potassium in diet · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Chronic kidney disease · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Bananas
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Increasingly severe pancreatitis
これが答えになる理由
Rising BUN (fluid loss and kidney injury), low calcium and hyperglycemia are markers of more severe pancreatitis in scoring systems. The nurse monitors fluid balance, vital signs and organ function closely and reports deterioration.確認に用いた資料:Acute pancreatitis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · Increasingly severe pancreatitis
11.薬理学
答え: C · They can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
これが答えになる理由
In aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, COX inhibition increases leukotriene production, causing bronchospasm. These patients should avoid aspirin and other non-selective NSAIDs.
答え
C · They can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
12.薬理学
答え: B · It blocks dopamine receptors in the brain and can worsen the parkinsonism
これが答えになる理由
Metoclopramide crosses the blood–brain barrier and antagonises D2 receptors. In Parkinson's disease this worsens rigidity and bradykinesia, so antiemetics that do not block central dopamine receptors are preferred.
答え
B · It blocks dopamine receptors in the brain and can worsen the parkinsonism
答え: D · A honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
これが答えになる理由
After diagnosis and correction of high glucose, remaining beta cells may work better for a while, so insulin needs fall. This honeymoon phase is temporary. The doses are reduced, but insulin is not stopped.
答え
D · A honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · A partial-thickness burn on the hand
これが答えになる理由
Burns of the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum and major joints, as well as circumferential, chemical, electrical and inhalation injuries, usually need specialist advice because of their risks and functional impact.
答え
D · A partial-thickness burn on the hand
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · A non-coring (Huber) needle
これが答えになる理由
Implanted ports have a silicone septum that reseals after access with a non-coring needle. Aseptic technique, checking blood return before use and flushing according to policy keep the device working safely.
答え
D · A non-coring (Huber) needle
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Redness, warmth and discharge
これが答えになる理由
Redness spreading from the incision, warmth, swelling, purulent discharge, gaping edges and fever suggest infection. Numbness near the scar is common and not a sign of infection.
答え
B · Redness, warmth and discharge
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Correct the ventilation, starting with mask and airway
これが答えになる理由
If the chest does not rise, ventilation is ineffective. Corrective steps include adjusting the mask seal, repositioning the head, suctioning, opening the mouth and increasing pressure. Compressions start only if the heart rate stays under 60/min with effective ventilation.
答え
B · Correct the ventilation, starting with mask and airway
21.小児看護
答え: D · Rubella in early pregnancy can cause serious birth defects
これが答えになる理由
Congenital rubella syndrome can cause deafness, eye defects such as cataracts, heart defects and developmental problems, especially when infection occurs early in pregnancy. MMR vaccination protects against this.
答え
D · Rubella in early pregnancy can cause serious birth defects
22.小児看護
答え: C · Phosphate
これが答えになる理由
When feeding restarts after starvation, insulin drives phosphate, potassium and magnesium into cells. Low phosphate can cause heart failure, arrhythmias and confusion, so electrolytes are checked often and feeds are increased gradually.
答え
C · Phosphate
23.精神看護
答え: B · Serotonin syndrome
これが答えになる理由
St John's wort has serotonergic effects, so combining it with an SSRI can cause serotonin syndrome. It also induces liver enzymes and interacts with many other drugs, so patients should tell the prescriber about herbal products.
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
9/5を掛ける
36.2·9/5 = 65.16
32を足す
T = 65.16 + 32 = 97.16 ≈ 97.2 °F
答え
T = 97.2 °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 225 mL
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1 回あたりの容量
½ tbsp = 0.5·15 = 7.5 mL
全投与期間
V = 7.5 mL × 3/日 × 10 = 225 mL
答え
V = 225 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 0.4 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
混合後の濃度
2000 mg/8 mL = 250 mg/mL
体積
V = 100/250 = 0.4 mL
答え
V = 0.4 mL
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 9 mL
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
体重から求めた投与量
15·24 = 360 mg
体積
V = (360/200)·5 = 9 mL
答え
V = 9 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 200 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 18/min → 0
SpO₂ 90% → 3
酸素投与中 → 2
SBP 110 mmHg → 1
HR 58/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 37.7 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 6
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
中
答え
中
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
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