A caller says they are a patient's daughter and asks for details of the patient's condition. What should the nurse do?
ACheck the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
BRead out the latest notes over the phone
CHang up without saying anything
DGive full details, as close family members have a right to know
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Which statement about the use of physical restraint is correct?
AIt is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks
BIt is the best way to stop older patients from falling
CIt can be used whenever a patient is confused, without further assessment
DIt never needs to be documented if it is used only overnight
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
How does a nurse add a sterile gauze pack to a sterile field that is already set up?
AOpen the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over
BTip the item onto the field and push it into place with the wrapper
CReach across the field with clean gloves to place the item
DPlace the whole wrapped pack on the field and open it there with sterile gloves
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse finds that a patient has been taking their own sleeping pills from a bedside drawer while also receiving a hypnotic from the ward. What should the nurse do?
AStop giving the hospital hypnotic without telling the provider or the pharmacy
BSecure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
CLet the patient keep them, since they are the patient’s own
DThrow the patient’s pills away in the bin
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse teaches a patient who uses home oxygen. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
B“I will not use oil-based creams on my face.”
C“I will put up no-smoking signs at the front door and in my room.”
D“I will keep the oxygen away from the gas stove.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A toddler with tetralogy of Fallot becomes very blue and breathless while crying. What should the nurse do first?
APlace the child in a knee-to-chest position
BLay the child flat on their back
CGive a large drink of water to calm the child
DEncourage the child to keep crying to open the lungs
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient is admitted with cellulitis of the leg. Why might the nurse mark the edge of the redness on the skin?
ATo mark the site for an injection
BTo show the surgeon exactly where to make the incision
CTo monitor whether the infection is spreading or improving
DTo help the patient find the sore area
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Which statement about oxygen in a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome is correct?
AHigh-flow oxygen should always be given, whatever the SpO2
BOxygen must never be given in chest pain
COxygen is given if the SpO2 is below the target range
DOxygen replaces the need for an ECG
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?
AGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
BA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
CGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
DOrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
看護師が最初に報告すべき患者の結果はどれですか?
A目標をわずかに上回る総コレステロール
B発汗して錯乱している患者の血糖 42 mg/dL(2.3 mmol/L)
C2 型糖尿病の患者の HbA1c 7.4 %(57 mmol/mol)
D安定した CKD が知られている患者のクレアチニン 1.6 mg/dL(141 µmol/L)
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient must mix regular (soluble) insulin and NPH (isophane) insulin in one syringe. What is the correct order?
AShake both vials hard, then draw them up in any order
BDraw up the clear regular insulin first, then the cloudy NPH insulin
CDraw up the cloudy NPH insulin first, then the clear regular insulin
DDraw them up in separate syringes, then mix them in a cup
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?
AVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
BHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
CWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once
DNormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?
AIt increases cholesterol loss in the urine
BIt dissolves plaques already in the arteries
CIt reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut
DIt blocks cholesterol production by enzymes in the liver
Which presentation is typical of coeliac disease in a toddler some months after cereals are introduced?
AChronic diarrhoea, a swollen abdomen, irritability and poor weight gain
BEpisodes of crying with red-currant jelly stools
CHigh fever with a stiff neck and a purple rash
DSudden projectile vomiting with a palpable olive-shaped mass
22.小児看護むずかしい
The nurse has taught the parents of a child with sickle cell disease. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
B"We'll dress her warmly before she goes out in cold weather."
C"We'll call the hospital straight away if she has a fever."
D"We'll learn how to feel her tummy for an enlarged spleen."
23.精神看護ふつう
Shortly after a sexual assault, a woman in the emergency department is calm, quiet and answers questions in a flat voice. How should the nurse interpret this?
AShe is probably exaggerating the seriousness of what happened, because she does not seem upset
BHer calmness shows that the assault did not happen
CShe is not distressed and does not need any support
DA controlled response is a common reaction in the acute phase after assault
24.精神看護むずかしい
A nurse is teaching a patient with anxiety how to do progressive muscle relaxation. Which instruction is correct?
ADo the exercise only during a panic attack, never at other times
BTense each muscle group in turn for a few seconds, then let go and notice the difference
CHold your breath for as long as possible while lying completely still on the floor
DTense all your muscles at once and keep them tight for 10 minutes
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の体温は 36.9 °C です。°F = °C × 9/5 + 32 を使って華氏 T に換算してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
答え: A · Check the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
これが答えになる理由
Information is shared only with people the patient has agreed to, and the caller's identity is checked as per policy. Often only limited information is given by phone.
答え
A · Check the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · It is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks
これが答えになる理由
Restraint carries risks such as injury, distress and pressure damage. It is used only when alternatives have failed, in the least restrictive form, for the shortest time, with monitoring and documentation.
答え
A · It is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Open the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over
これが答えになる理由
The nurse opens the package so the sterile item can be dropped onto the field from a short height, without the wrapper or arms crossing over the sterile area. The item must land well inside the non-sterile border.
答え
A · Open the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Secure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
Unrecorded home medicines can lead to duplicate doses, interactions and falls. They are stored or sent home according to policy, and the provider is told so the treatment plan can be reviewed.
答え
B · Secure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · “My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
これが答えになる理由
Oxygen supports combustion, so no one may smoke near it, even with a window open. Keeping it away from flames and avoiding oil-based products are correct.
答え
A · “My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Place the child in a knee-to-chest position
これが答えになる理由
In a hypercyanotic (“tet”) spell, the knee-chest position raises systemic vascular resistance and sends more blood to the lungs. Oxygen and prescribed medication follow.
答え
A · Place the child in a knee-to-chest position
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · To monitor whether the infection is spreading or improving
これが答えになる理由
Marking the margin helps staff see whether the redness is spreading despite treatment, which may mean antibiotics need review. The limb is also elevated and observations monitored.
答え
C · To monitor whether the infection is spreading or improving
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · Oxygen is given if the SpO2 is below the target range
これが答えになる理由
Current guidance recommends oxygen in ACS only for hypoxaemia, as routine oxygen in patients with normal saturations has not been shown to help. Urgent ECG, analgesia and antiplatelet treatment remain priorities.
答え
C · Oxygen is given if the SpO2 is below the target range
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Glucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
これが答えになる理由
A patient who cannot swallow safely must not receive anything by mouth because of the risk of aspiration. Glucagon (injected or intranasal) or IV dextrose raises the glucose; once awake and able to swallow, the patient is given oral carbohydrate and a snack.確認に用いた資料:Hypoglycemia · MedlinePlus (NIH); Low blood sugar · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Glucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
答え: B · Draw up the clear regular insulin first, then the cloudy NPH insulin
これが答えになる理由
Drawing up regular insulin first prevents NPH from contaminating the regular insulin vial. NPH is gently rolled, not shaken, to mix it.
答え
B · Draw up the clear regular insulin first, then the cloudy NPH insulin
12.薬理学
答え: B · Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
これが答えになる理由
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by antibodies against heparin–platelet factor 4 complexes. It usually starts 5–10 days after heparin begins and causes thrombosis, so all heparin is stopped and a non-heparin anticoagulant is used.
答え
B · Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · It reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut
これが答えになる理由
Ezetimibe blocks the intestinal cholesterol transporter (NPC1L1), so less dietary and biliary cholesterol is absorbed and LDL falls. It is often added to a statin. Statins act by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the liver.
答え
C · It reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut
答え: B · Ask questions that can be answered with yes, no or a gesture
これが答えになる理由
In expressive aphasia, comprehension is largely preserved. Short, closed questions, extra time, gestures and picture or word boards help. Shouting does not help, and constantly finishing sentences can frustrate the patient.
答え
B · Ask questions that can be answered with yes, no or a gesture
答え: B · Escalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
これが答えになる理由
Severe diarrhoea on checkpoint inhibitors suggests immune-mediated colitis, which can perforate. It needs urgent assessment, infection testing and often high-dose steroids, not only antidiarrhoeals.
答え
B · Escalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Pre-eclampsia
これが答えになる理由
Low-dose aspirin started around 12 weeks reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia in women at high risk, such as those with previous pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension or kidney disease.
答え: A · Chronic diarrhoea, a swollen abdomen, irritability and poor weight gain
これが答えになる理由
Gluten damages the small bowel lining in coeliac disease, causing malabsorption with chronic diarrhoea, bulky stools, abdominal distension, irritability and faltering growth. Diagnosis uses blood antibody tests and often a bowel biopsy while still eating gluten.
答え
A · Chronic diarrhoea, a swollen abdomen, irritability and poor weight gain
22.小児看護
答え: A · "In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
これが答えになる理由
Dehydration promotes sickling, so children with sickle cell disease need plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather and during exercise. Seeking help for fever, avoiding cold and checking the spleen are correct.
答え
A · "In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
23.精神看護
答え: D · A controlled response is a common reaction in the acute phase after assault
これが答えになる理由
In the acute phase of rape trauma syndrome, survivors may show an expressive reaction, such as crying or anger, or a controlled one, appearing calm or numb. Both are normal responses and need the same support.
答え
D · A controlled response is a common reaction in the acute phase after assault
24.精神看護
答え: B · Tense each muscle group in turn for a few seconds, then let go and notice the difference
これが答えになる理由
Progressive muscle relaxation involves tensing and then relaxing muscle groups in turn. Regular practice when calm makes it easier to use the skill when anxious.
答え
B · Tense each muscle group in turn for a few seconds, then let go and notice the difference
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 98.4 °F
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
9/5を掛ける
36.9·9/5 = 66.42
32を足す
T = 66.42 + 32 = 98.42 ≈ 98.4 °F
答え
T = 98.4 °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: c = 15.7 mmol/L
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
変換
c = 282/18 = 15.67 ≈ 15.7 mmol/L
答え
c = 15.7 mmol/L
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 675 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
投与量
D = 375·1.8 = 675 mg
答え
D = 675 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 3.4 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
147.4/2.2 = 67 kg
投与量
2·67 = 134 mg
体積
V = (134/40)·1 = 3.35 ≈ 3.4 mL
答え
V = 3.4 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 300 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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