While wearing sterile gloves, where should the nurse keep their hands?
AFolded under the armpits to keep warm
BResting on the edge of the sterile field
CBehind the back when not in use
DAbove waist level and in sight
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient opens their eyes only to pain, makes incomprehensible sounds and withdraws from a painful stimulus. What is the Glasgow Coma Scale score?
A11
B9
C6
D8
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Which patient has the highest risk of a burn from a heating pad?
AA patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
BA patient recovering from a cold
CA healthy young adult with a strained muscle
DA patient with a sprained wrist who is fully alert
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient who has had a splenectomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will get medical help quickly if I get a high temperature.”
B“I will keep my vaccinations up to date.”
C“I will tell all of my health care providers that I have no spleen.”
D“Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will take my water tablet in the morning.”
B“I will call if my weight goes up quickly over a day or two.”
C“I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
D“I will weigh myself every morning after I use the toilet.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient taking an MAO inhibitor antidepressant is taught about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will check with the pharmacist before cold remedies.”
B“I will avoid tap beer and red wine.”
C“I can still eat aged cheese and cured salami.”
D“A sudden severe headache is a warning sign.”
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which factor is most likely to slow wound healing?
AAdequate fluid intake
BSmoking
CGood blood glucose control
DA diet rich in protein
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Why are patients with nephrotic syndrome at increased risk of blood clots?
AThey lose most of their platelets in the urine every day
BTheir blood pressure is always very low
CThey lose all their red cells in the urine, which thickens the remaining blood
DAnticoagulant proteins are lost in the urine and clotting factors rise
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient's eGFR has fallen to 24 mL/min/1.73 m². Which prescribed drug should the nurse question before giving it?
AMetformin
BLevothyroxine
CInsulin glargine
DAcetaminophen (paracetamol)
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A man of Mediterranean descent develops dark urine, jaundice and a falling hemoglobin a few days after eating fava beans. Which condition is most likely?
A patient is on a short course of oral prednisolone for an asthma exacerbation. Which effect should the nurse monitor for?
ALow blood sodium
BRaised blood glucose
CSlow heart rate
DLow blood pressure
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A woman starting rifampicin (rifampin) for tuberculosis uses a combined oral contraceptive pill. What advice is correct?
AContinue the pill as usual, because there is no interaction with TB drugs
BUse another reliable method, as rifampicin reduces the pill's effect
CStop all contraception during TB treatment, as pregnancy cannot occur
DTake two pills a day to make up for the drug
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?
ALow blood glucose
BAcute pancreatitis
CA simple urinary tract infection
DNormal nausea from the drug
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Which patient on a stroke unit is most at risk of falling?
AA patient with a left-hemisphere stroke who has expressive aphasia and waits for help
BA patient with a right-hemisphere stroke who is impulsive and denies having weakness
CA patient with mild dysarthria who walks steadily with a frame
DA patient with a TIA whose symptoms resolved completely yesterday
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which technique is correct when giving a prefilled low molecular weight heparin injection?
AInject into a vein in the back of the hand
BLeave the air bubble in and inject into a skin fold
CExpel the air bubble first and inject into the deltoid muscle
DRub the site firmly afterwards to help absorption
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A nurse teaches a carer about overnight tube feeding at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll check the external length mark on the tube every day."
B"I'll flush the tube with water before and after his medicines."
C"I'll let him lie flat so he sleeps better while the feed runs."
D"I'll stop the feed and call if he coughs or struggles to breathe."
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which substance in amniotic fluid is used to judge fetal lung maturity?
AAlpha-fetoprotein, assessed by its level
BSurfactant, assessed by the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
CGlucose, assessed by its concentration
DBilirubin, assessed by its colour
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 20 weeks presents with painless cervical dilation and bulging membranes, without contractions. She lost a previous pregnancy in the same way. What is the likely diagnosis?
APlacental abruption
BPlacenta praevia
CPreterm labour caused by infection
DCervical insufficiency
21.小児看護ふつう
The parents of a 2-year-old worry that she eats much less than she did as a baby. She is growing along her centile. What should the nurse advise?
AGive extra bottles of milk to make up for the meals she refuses
BThis is a sign of illness and she needs blood tests
CAppetite falls as growth slows; offer small, healthy portions without pressure
DEncourage her to finish every meal, even if this takes a long time at the table
The nurse notices that she is spending much longer with one patient than with the others and feels she is the only one who can help him. What does this most likely indicate?
AAn ideal therapeutic relationship
BTransference by the patient towards the nurse, which is never the nurse's concern
CThat the patient needs to be transferred to another unit
DPossible boundary problems that she should discuss in supervision
24.精神看護むずかしい
After witnessing a serious accident, a woman suddenly cannot move her legs. Full investigations are normal. Which nursing approach is most appropriate?
AAccept that the symptom is real for her, help with mobility needs and gently explore recent stress
BIgnore her requests for help completely until she agrees to try to walk again on her own
CFocus every conversation on the details of her leg weakness
DTell her that the paralysis is fake and that she should stand up
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある新生児の体重は 7 lb 15 oz です。1 lb = 16 oz と 1 kg = 2.2 lb を使って、体重 m をキログラムで求めてください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
7 lb 15 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴は 12 mg/h を投与します。この投与速度 D を mcg/min で表してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
12 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 40 kg の子どもに、2.5 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 50 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
40 kg2.5 mg/kg50 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 390 マイクログラムです。アンプルは 1 mg/mL を含みます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
390 mcg1 mg/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
15 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1500 mL を 5 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
1500 mL5 h15 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
点滴が 60 滴/mL のセットで 50 滴/分で落ちています。バッグには 450 mL 残っています。あと何時間 t で空になりますか?
50 gtt/min60 gtt/mL450 mL
t = h
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。水分出納 B = 摂取量 − 排泄量 を mL で求めてください(負の答えは正味の喪失を意味します)。
Sterile hands are kept in front of the body, above the waist and within sight, so accidental contamination is noticed. The edge of the field is not sterile.
答え
D · Above waist level and in sight
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · 8
これが答えになる理由
Eyes to pain score 2, incomprehensible sounds score 2 and withdrawal from pain scores 4, giving 8. A GCS of 8 or less suggests the patient may not be able to protect their airway.
答え
D · 8
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · A patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
これが答えになる理由
Reduced sensation, as in peripheral neuropathy, prevents a person from feeling heat damage. Patients with poor sensation, poor circulation or confusion need very close monitoring if heat is used at all.
答え
A · A patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · “Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
これが答えになる理由
People without a spleen are at risk of overwhelming infection, especially from encapsulated bacteria. Fever needs prompt medical assessment, and vaccines are kept up to date.
答え
D · “Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · “I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
これが答えになる理由
Salt causes fluid retention and can worsen heart failure. Daily weights, reporting rapid weight gain and taking diuretics in the morning are all correct.
答え
C · “I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · “I can still eat aged cheese and cured salami.”
これが答えになる理由
MAO inhibitors with tyramine-rich foods, such as aged cheese and cured meats, can cause a hypertensive crisis. Patients avoid these foods, check medicines with a pharmacist and report a severe headache.
答え
C · “I can still eat aged cheese and cured salami.”
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Smoking
これが答えになる理由
Smoking causes vasoconstriction and reduces tissue oxygen, slowing healing and increasing infection risk. Poor nutrition, diabetes, infection and steroids also impair healing.
答え
B · Smoking
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · Anticoagulant proteins are lost in the urine and clotting factors rise
これが答えになる理由
Loss of proteins such as antithrombin in the urine, together with increased hepatic production of clotting factors, creates a hypercoagulable state. Some patients need anticoagulation.
答え
D · Anticoagulant proteins are lost in the urine and clotting factors rise
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Metformin
これが答えになる理由
Metformin is cleared by the kidneys, and it is contraindicated when the eGFR is below 30 mL/min/1.73 m² because of the risk of lactic acidosis. Insulin doses may also need adjustment, but insulin is not contraindicated.
答え
A · Metformin
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · G6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
これが答えになる理由
G6PD deficiency makes red cells vulnerable to oxidative damage. Fava beans, some drugs (such as primaquine and some sulfonamides) and infections can trigger acute hemolysis, with dark urine, jaundice and anemia. Triggers are avoided.
答え
D · G6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
11.薬理学
答え: C · アンチトロンビンを増強し、トロンビンと第 Xa 因子を不活化させる
これが答えになる理由
ヘパリンはアンチトロンビンに結合し、トロンビンと第 Xa 因子の不活化を大きく加速します。低分子量ヘパリンは主に第 Xa 因子に作用します。
Corticosteroids raise blood glucose, which matters especially in diabetes. Short courses can also cause mood changes, insomnia, indigestion and fluid retention. Long-term use adds osteoporosis, adrenal suppression and infection risk.
答え
B · Raised blood glucose
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Use another reliable method, as rifampicin reduces the pill's effect
これが答えになる理由
Rifampicin induces liver enzymes that break down oestrogen and progestogen, so hormonal contraception may fail. A non-hormonal or unaffected method, such as a copper IUD, is advised during and for a time after treatment. The interaction also affects warfarin and many other drugs.
答え
B · Use another reliable method, as rifampicin reduces the pill's effect
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Acute pancreatitis
これが答えになる理由
GLP-1 receptor agonists have been linked to acute pancreatitis. Severe persistent abdominal pain radiating to the back needs urgent assessment, and the drug is stopped if pancreatitis is suspected.
答え
B · Acute pancreatitis
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · A patient with a right-hemisphere stroke who is impulsive and denies having weakness
これが答えになる理由
Right-hemisphere strokes often cause left-sided neglect, poor judgement, impulsivity and denial of the deficit. These patients may try to get up alone. Patients with left-hemisphere strokes are often more cautious.
答え
B · A patient with a right-hemisphere stroke who is impulsive and denies having weakness
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Leave the air bubble in and inject into a skin fold
これが答えになる理由
LMWH is injected into a pinched skin fold, often on the abdomen, away from the umbilicus. The air bubble in prefilled syringes is left in, and the site is not rubbed, to reduce bruising.
答え
B · Leave the air bubble in and inject into a skin fold
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · "I'll let him lie flat so he sleeps better while the feed runs."
これが答えになる理由
The head should stay raised by at least 30–45° during feeding and for a while afterwards. Flushing, checking the tube length and stopping for breathing problems are all correct.
答え
C · "I'll let him lie flat so he sleeps better while the feed runs."
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Surfactant, assessed by the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
これが答えになる理由
Surfactant reduces surface tension and keeps alveoli open. An L/S ratio of about 2:1 or more suggests the lungs are mature. Amniotic fluid testing for lung maturity is now rarely used in practice.
答え
B · Surfactant, assessed by the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Cervical insufficiency
これが答えになる理由
Painless second-trimester cervical dilation without contractions suggests cervical insufficiency. A cervical cerclage may be offered in a later pregnancy.
答え
D · Cervical insufficiency
21.小児看護
答え: C · Appetite falls as growth slows; offer small, healthy portions without pressure
これが答えになる理由
Growth slows after the first year, so toddlers often eat less (sometimes called physiological anorexia). Offering small portions, regular meals and snacks and avoiding battles over food is advised; too much milk can reduce appetite and cause iron deficiency.
答え
C · Appetite falls as growth slows; offer small, healthy portions without pressure
答え: D · Possible boundary problems that she should discuss in supervision
これが答えになる理由
Feeling special or indispensable to one patient, and giving them extra time, are warning signs of over-involvement. Discussing this in clinical supervision helps the nurse keep a therapeutic relationship.
答え
D · Possible boundary problems that she should discuss in supervision
24.精神看護
答え: A · Accept that the symptom is real for her, help with mobility needs and gently explore recent stress
これが答えになる理由
In conversion disorder, the symptom is real to the patient and is not faked. The nurse meets physical needs, avoids reinforcing the symptom through excessive attention, and supports the patient in talking about stress and feelings.
答え
A · Accept that the symptom is real for her, help with mobility needs and gently explore recent stress
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 3.61 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
15 oz/16 = 0.9375 lb
7 + 0.9375 = 7.938 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 7.938/2.2 = 3.608 ≈ 3.61 kg
答え
m = 3.61 kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 200 mcg/min
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 20/min → 0
SpO₂ 99% → 0
空気吸入 → 0
SBP 88 mmHg → 3
HR 58/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 36.3 °C → 0
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 3 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 3
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
低~中
答え
低~中
単独で3点がある場合は、合計が低くても緊急の診察が必要です。
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