A patient with severe ulcerative colitis develops abdominal distension, fever and tachycardia, and the number of stools falls. What complication should be suspected?
AConstipation from dehydration
BToxic megacolon
CRecovery from the colitis
DCoeliac disease
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient had a right mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. Where is the best place to draw blood?
AEither arm equally
BThe right arm
CThe right hand
DThe left arm
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with right upper abdominal pain from gallstones now has jaundice, a total bilirubin of 4.8 mg/dL (82 µmol/L) and a raised ALP. What is the most likely cause?
AA stone blocking the common bile duct
BHemolysis caused by the gallstones
CGilbert syndrome triggered by pain
DUncomplicated gallbladder inflammation
11.薬理学ふつう
During adult cardiac arrest, how often is IV adrenaline (epinephrine) usually repeated?
AEvery 3–5 minutes
BOnce only, at the start
CEvery 15–20 minutes
DEvery 30 seconds
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why are antipsychotics used with great caution in older people with dementia?
AThey are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death
BThey always cure the dementia and stop all behaviour problems
CThey cause severe hypoglycaemia in older people
DThey are not absorbed in people over 65
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
患者が咳をしていないときでも、胸腔ドレーンの水封室で泡立ちが続いています。これは何を示唆しますか?
Aチューブ内の血栓でドレーンが閉塞している
B肺またはドレナージシステムからの空気漏れ
C吸引源の電源が切られている
D肺が完全に再膨張し、ドレーンを抜去する準備ができている
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A nurse finds a patient collapsed in bed and unresponsive. What should the nurse do first?
AGive two rescue breaths, then check the blood glucose before calling anyone
BLeave the patient to fetch a defibrillator before calling anyone
CTake a full set of observations, including temperature and blood glucose
DShout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?
ADiarrhoea and heavy sweating
BWeight loss and a fast tremor
CA cough and a raised potassium
DDry mouth and constipation
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A man who takes tamsulosin for BPH is listed for cataract surgery. Which statement is correct?
ATamsulosin has no effects outside the urinary tract, so nothing changes
BThe dose should be doubled before surgery to prevent urinary retention
CThe eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
DIt should be swapped for oxybutynin the night before to protect the eye
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why is the time a surgical limb tourniquet is inflated carefully recorded?
AThe tourniquet slowly loses all its air after one minute
BLong inflation can cause nerve and muscle damage
CThe surgeon is paid per minute of use
DIt shows how long the anaesthetic gas was used
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
外科病棟に4人の患者がいます。看護師が最初にアセスメントすべき患者はどれですか?
A手術後3日目:便秘のための下剤を求めている
B安定した回腸ストーマ:パウチ交換の助けを求めている
C好中球減少:1時間前は体温正常で、体調は良好
D腸の手術の4時間後:脈拍118/分、血圧90/55 mmHg
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A newborn's blood glucose is low but the baby is well and able to feed. What is the usual first step?
AFeed the baby and recheck the glucose
BGive the baby plain water by bottle
CWithhold feeds and observe for 6 hours
DGive IV insulin immediately
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 11 weeks has heavy bleeding, cramping and an open cervical os, and she has passed some tissue. Which type of miscarriage is this?
AIncomplete miscarriage
BMissed miscarriage
CThreatened miscarriage
DComplete miscarriage
21.小児看護ふつう
A child receiving chemotherapy has painful mouth ulcers (mucositis). Which mouth care is best?
AA soft toothbrush or sponge, bland rinses and soft, cool foods
BA hard toothbrush and lemon–glycerine swabs to clean the ulcers
CMouthwash containing alcohol several times a day
DSpicy and acidic foods to stimulate saliva flow
22.小児看護むずかしい
A mother says her 3-month-old broke his thigh bone by crawling off the bed. What should concern the nurse?
AThigh fractures are common in young infants with soft bones
BBabies of this age often crawl and fall
CThe explanation does not fit the baby's stage of development
DThe fracture is too small to need treatment and will heal by itself
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient on a mental health ward insists that he is a famous inventor whose ideas were stolen by the government. Which type of delusion is the main one here?
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある成人の体重は 85 kg、身長は 175 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。
85 kg175 cm
1低体重(やせ)
2普通体重
3過体重
4肥満クラスI
5肥満クラスII
6肥満クラスIII
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · P
これが答えになる理由
AVPU stands for Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive. A response only to a painful stimulus is "P", a serious sign that needs urgent review.
答え
D · P
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · An infection or significant inflammation
これが答えになる理由
A raised white cell count with fever usually means the body is fighting an infection or major inflammation. The nurse reports it and looks for the source, including sepsis.
答え
B · An infection or significant inflammation
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Wash hands often and do not share towels, pillows or eye drops
これが答えになる理由
Viral conjunctivitis spreads easily by contact with eye secretions. Hand hygiene, not touching the eyes and not sharing towels, pillows or eye products reduce spread.
答え
A · Wash hands often and do not share towels, pillows or eye drops
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Going from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
これが答えになる理由
Gloves must be changed and hand hygiene done between patients, because contaminated gloves spread organisms directly. The other actions are correct infection-control practice.
答え
C · Going from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
これが答えになる理由
A fever in an infant under about 3 months old needs urgent assessment, because serious bacterial infection is more likely and signs can be subtle. The other calls are routine.
答え
D · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
Toxic megacolon is acute dilatation of the inflamed colon with systemic toxicity, and it can perforate. Reduced stool frequency with worsening distension is a warning sign needing urgent surgical review.
答え
B · Toxic megacolon
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · The left arm
これが答えになる理由
After axillary node removal, venipuncture and blood pressure readings are usually avoided on that side to reduce the risk of lymphedema and infection. The opposite arm is used whenever possible, according to policy.
答え
D · The left arm
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · A stone blocking the common bile duct
これが答えになる理由
A gallstone in the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis) obstructs bile flow, raising conjugated bilirubin and ALP. Fever with jaundice and pain suggests cholangitis, an emergency. Simple cholecystitis usually causes only mild liver test changes.確認に用いた資料:Choledocholithiasis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Cholangitis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · A stone blocking the common bile duct
11.薬理学
答え: A · Every 3–5 minutes
これが答えになる理由
In adult advanced life support, adrenaline 1 mg IV or IO is repeated every 3–5 minutes during the arrest. High-quality CPR and defibrillation for shockable rhythms remain the priorities.
答え
A · Every 3–5 minutes
12.薬理学
答え: A · They are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death
これが答えになる理由
In older people with dementia, antipsychotics increase the risk of stroke and death. Non-drug approaches are tried first, and antipsychotics are used at low doses for short periods if needed.
答え
A · They are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death
答え: D · Shout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds
これが答えになる理由
In hospital, the nurse shouts for help, opens the airway and looks for normal breathing (and a pulse if trained) for up to 10 seconds. If the patient is not breathing normally, the arrest team is called and CPR started, with a defibrillator brought as soon as possible.
答え
D · Shout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Dry mouth and constipation
これが答えになる理由
Oxybutynin blocks muscarinic receptors, causing dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention and, especially in older adults, confusion. Newer agents may have fewer effects on the brain.
答え
D · Dry mouth and constipation
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · The eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
これが答えになる理由
Tamsulosin blocks alpha-1A receptors in the iris dilator muscle as well as in the prostate, which can cause intraoperative floppy iris syndrome during cataract surgery. The effect can persist after the drug is stopped, so the surgeon must know in advance to plan the operation. Whether to pause it is a decision for the team.
答え
C · The eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Long inflation can cause nerve and muscle damage
これが答えになる理由
A tourniquet creates a bloodless field but causes limb ischaemia. Inflation time and pressure are recorded and the surgeon is told at set intervals, as long inflation can damage nerves and muscle.
答え
B · Long inflation can cause nerve and muscle damage
For mild, asymptomatic hypoglycaemia, early feeding and buccal glucose gel are used, with glucose rechecked per protocol. Symptomatic or persistent hypoglycaemia needs IV glucose.
答え
A · Feed the baby and recheck the glucose
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Incomplete miscarriage
これが答えになる理由
An open os with some tissue passed and continued bleeding is an incomplete miscarriage. Retained tissue can cause haemorrhage and infection, so it is usually managed medically or surgically.
答え
A · Incomplete miscarriage
21.小児看護
答え: A · A soft toothbrush or sponge, bland rinses and soft, cool foods
これが答えになる理由
Gentle cleaning with a soft brush or sponge, regular saline or bland rinses, analgesia and soft, cool, non-acidic foods protect the mouth. Alcohol mouthwashes and lemon–glycerine swabs dry and irritate the mucosa.
答え
A · A soft toothbrush or sponge, bland rinses and soft, cool foods
22.小児看護
答え: C · The explanation does not fit the baby's stage of development
これが答えになる理由
A 3-month-old cannot crawl, and femur fractures in non-mobile infants are rare without major force. A history that does not match the injury or the child's development is a key indicator of possible abuse, so safeguarding procedures are followed.
答え
C · The explanation does not fit the baby's stage of development
23.精神看護
答え: D · Grandiose
これが答えになる理由
Grandiose delusions are false beliefs about one's own importance, power or identity. They may combine with persecutory themes, as here, but the central belief is about being exceptional.
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
変換
c = 188/88.4 = 2.127 ≈ 2.13 mg/dL
答え
c = 2.13 mg/dL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 2.4 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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